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Mar 17, 2023 at 22:53 comment added Yvan Velenik The sum is not over $m_l$, but over $\{m_l\}$, that is, the collection of all numbers $m_l$, for all possible values of $l$. So, each term of the sum specifies the values of $m_1, m_2, m_3$, etc. The product over $l$ is then just a short way of writing $f(m_1)f(m_2)f(m_3)\cdots$. If this helps you, you can write the product as being over $k$ (and replace all $l$ in the expression following the product by $k$, of course).
Mar 17, 2023 at 20:55 comment added Bedge I have accepted the answer, but thought of one other thing to clarify: In the sum of the product $\sum_{m_l}\prod_{l}(a^{lm_l}\frac{1}{m_l!}b_l^{m_l})$, does fixing the value in the sum, e.g. $m_3$, fix the value of $l$ (to be 3 in the example), or does the product run separately?
Mar 17, 2023 at 20:44 vote accept Bedge
Mar 17, 2023 at 20:43 comment added Yvan Velenik I have added the last explanation to the answer, since it's an important point.
Mar 17, 2023 at 20:43 history edited Yvan Velenik CC BY-SA 4.0
Added an explanation
Mar 17, 2023 at 20:40 comment added Yvan Velenik Since I wrote explicitly the constraint as an indicator function, the sum over $\{m_l\}$ is never restricted (of course the summand vanishes when the constraint is not satisfied, because of the indicator).
Mar 17, 2023 at 20:39 comment added Bedge In that case, is this understanding correct: On the LHS of 4th equality (i.e. line 3) the sum over $\{m_l\}$ is no longer subject to the constraint?
Mar 17, 2023 at 20:37 comment added Yvan Velenik Let me explain on a particular case: $\sum_{m_1,m_2} f(m_1)f(m_2) = \bigl(\sum_{m_1}f(m_1)\bigr)\bigl(\sum_{m_2}f(m_2)\bigr) = \prod_{l=1}^2 \sum_{m_l}f(m_l)$. Does this help?
Mar 17, 2023 at 20:34 comment added Bedge Thanks for you answer. I'm still not quite clear how the 4th equality works - I don't understand why the sum is now over all $m_l$?
Mar 17, 2023 at 20:29 history edited Yvan Velenik CC BY-SA 4.0
[Edit removed during grace period]
Mar 17, 2023 at 20:18 history edited Yvan Velenik CC BY-SA 4.0
Added parentheses for clarity...
Mar 17, 2023 at 20:12 history edited Yvan Velenik CC BY-SA 4.0
Added details.
Mar 17, 2023 at 20:11 comment added Yvan Velenik Tell me if one step is still unclear and I'll try to add an explanation.
Mar 17, 2023 at 20:07 history answered Yvan Velenik CC BY-SA 4.0