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Mike
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An isolated body that doesn't exchange any angular momentum with the outside universe will never stop spinning (by conservation of angular momentum). There is no way to absorb angular momentum within the body in internal degrees of freedom; the angular momentum must be transported away if you want to stop.

For example: if something is not rigid, you could have what's called "differential rotation", where maybe the crust of the planet (say) is spinning one way, but the core is spinning the opposite way. Ignore the problem of how to make this happen, just imagine it does. The core has one angular momentum, while the crust has another. But we just add them up, and they have to add to the total angular momentum of the planet initially; it won't be able to stop entirely. You can redistribute angular momentum, but you cannot dissipate total angular momentum within an isolated object, and you cannot make the total angular momentum go to zero without transferring it to the outside universe.

Tidal locking is just another way to redistribute angular momentum. Tidal locking happens because the angular momentum of (to take the most familiar example) the Earth's spin is transported to the angular momentum of the Moon's orbit. To emphasize The way this happens is that little mound of matter that's raised on the Earth doesn't quite point toward the Moon because Earth's spin carries it a little. And this little bulge exerts a gravitational pull on the Moon, making it speed up (gaining angular momentum). Newton's Third Law tells us that an equal and opposite force is exerted on the Earth, causing its rotation to slow down (losing angular momentum).

To emphasize, that angular momentum gets transferred from a spin to an orbit. And this happens because the Moon is actually orbiting, and thus raising a tide. So, to answer your question in the comments of Olof's answer, tidal locking will neverwon't generally stop the Earth's spinan object's rotation entirely, because in this scenario, the Moonother object will always be orbiting it. Tidal locking willcould, in principle, eventually just make the Earth spin at just the right rate so that it rotates as often as the Moon orbits. (Though I think the numbers don't work out.) In fact, this is what happened to the Moon, which is why we only ever see one face.

An isolated body that doesn't exchange any angular momentum with the outside universe will never stop spinning (by conservation of angular momentum). There is no way to absorb angular momentum within the body in internal degrees of freedom; the angular momentum must be transported away if you want to stop.

For example: if something is not rigid, you could have what's called "differential rotation", where maybe the crust of the planet (say) is spinning one way, but the core is spinning the opposite way. Ignore the problem of how to make this happen, just imagine it does. The core has one angular momentum, while the crust has another. But we just add them up, and they have to add to the total angular momentum of the planet initially; it won't be able to stop entirely. You can redistribute angular momentum, but you cannot dissipate total angular momentum within an isolated object, and you cannot make the total angular momentum go to zero without transferring it to the outside universe.

Tidal locking is just another way to redistribute angular momentum. Tidal locking happens because the angular momentum of (to take the most familiar example) the Earth's spin is transported to the angular momentum of the Moon's orbit. To emphasize, it gets transferred from a spin to an orbit. And this happens because the Moon is actually orbiting, and thus raising a tide. So, to answer your question in the comments of Olof's answer, tidal locking will never stop the Earth's spin, because in this scenario, the Moon will always be orbiting it. Tidal locking will eventually just make the Earth spin at just the right rate so that it rotates as often as the Moon orbits. In fact, this is what happened to the Moon, which is why we only ever see one face.

An isolated body that doesn't exchange any angular momentum with the outside universe will never stop spinning (by conservation of angular momentum). There is no way to absorb angular momentum within the body in internal degrees of freedom; the angular momentum must be transported away if you want to stop.

For example: if something is not rigid, you could have what's called "differential rotation", where maybe the crust of the planet (say) is spinning one way, but the core is spinning the opposite way. Ignore the problem of how to make this happen, just imagine it does. The core has one angular momentum, while the crust has another. But we just add them up, and they have to add to the total angular momentum of the planet initially; it won't be able to stop entirely. You can redistribute angular momentum, but you cannot dissipate total angular momentum within an isolated object, and you cannot make the total angular momentum go to zero without transferring it to the outside universe.

Tidal locking is just another way to redistribute angular momentum. Tidal locking happens because the angular momentum of (to take the most familiar example) the Earth's spin is transported to the angular momentum of the Moon's orbit. The way this happens is that little mound of matter that's raised on the Earth doesn't quite point toward the Moon because Earth's spin carries it a little. And this little bulge exerts a gravitational pull on the Moon, making it speed up (gaining angular momentum). Newton's Third Law tells us that an equal and opposite force is exerted on the Earth, causing its rotation to slow down (losing angular momentum).

To emphasize, that angular momentum gets transferred from a spin to an orbit. And this happens because the Moon is actually orbiting, and thus raising a tide. So, to answer your question in the comments of Olof's answer, tidal locking won't generally stop an object's rotation entirely, because the other object will always be orbiting it. Tidal locking could, in principle, eventually just make the Earth spin at just the right rate so that it rotates as often as the Moon orbits. (Though I think the numbers don't work out.) In fact, this is what happened to the Moon, which is why we only ever see one face.

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Mike
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An isolated body that doesn't exchange any angular momentum with the outside universe will never stop spinning (by conservation of angular momentum). There is no way to absorb angular momentum within the body in internal degrees of freedom; the angular momentum must be transported away if you want to stop.

For example: if something is not rigid, you could have what's called "differential rotation", where maybe the crust of the planet (say) is spinning one way, but the core is spinning the opposite way. Ignore the problem of how to make this happen, just imagine it does. There's still some total The core has one angular momentum. And if, while the initial angular momentum was not zerocrust has another. But we just add them up, and they have to add to the total angular momentum must stillof the planet initially; it won't be nonzeroable to stop entirely. You can redistribute angular momentum, but you cannot dissipatedissipate total angular momentum within an isolated object, and you cannot make the total angular momentum go to zero without transferring it to the outside universe.

Tidal locking is just another way to redistribute angular momentum. Tidal locking happens because the angular momentum of (to take the earth'smost familiar example) the Earth's spin (in this example) is transported to the angular momentum of the moon'sMoon's orbit. To emphasize, it gets transferred from a spin to an orbit. And this happens because the Moon is actually orbiting, and thus raising a tide. So, to answer your question in the comments of Olof's answer, tidal locking will never stop the Earth's spin, because in this scenario, the Moon will always be orbiting it. Tidal locking will eventually just make the Earth spin at just the right rate so that it rotates as often as the Moon orbits. In fact, this is what happened to the Moon, which is why we only ever see one face.

An isolated body that doesn't exchange any angular momentum with the outside universe will never stop spinning (by conservation of angular momentum). There is no way to absorb angular momentum within the body in internal degrees of freedom; the angular momentum must be transported away if you want to stop.

For example: if something is not rigid, you could have what's called "differential rotation", where maybe the crust of the planet (say) is spinning one way, but the core is spinning the opposite way. Ignore the problem of how to make this happen, just imagine it does. There's still some total angular momentum. And if the initial angular momentum was not zero, the total angular momentum must still be nonzero. You cannot dissipate angular momentum within an isolated object.

Tidal locking happens because the angular momentum of the earth's spin (in this example) is transported to the angular momentum of the moon's orbit. To emphasize, it gets transferred from a spin to an orbit.

An isolated body that doesn't exchange any angular momentum with the outside universe will never stop spinning (by conservation of angular momentum). There is no way to absorb angular momentum within the body in internal degrees of freedom; the angular momentum must be transported away if you want to stop.

For example: if something is not rigid, you could have what's called "differential rotation", where maybe the crust of the planet (say) is spinning one way, but the core is spinning the opposite way. Ignore the problem of how to make this happen, just imagine it does. The core has one angular momentum, while the crust has another. But we just add them up, and they have to add to the total angular momentum of the planet initially; it won't be able to stop entirely. You can redistribute angular momentum, but you cannot dissipate total angular momentum within an isolated object, and you cannot make the total angular momentum go to zero without transferring it to the outside universe.

Tidal locking is just another way to redistribute angular momentum. Tidal locking happens because the angular momentum of (to take the most familiar example) the Earth's spin is transported to the angular momentum of the Moon's orbit. To emphasize, it gets transferred from a spin to an orbit. And this happens because the Moon is actually orbiting, and thus raising a tide. So, to answer your question in the comments of Olof's answer, tidal locking will never stop the Earth's spin, because in this scenario, the Moon will always be orbiting it. Tidal locking will eventually just make the Earth spin at just the right rate so that it rotates as often as the Moon orbits. In fact, this is what happened to the Moon, which is why we only ever see one face.

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Mike
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  • 68

An isolated body that doesn't exchange any angular momentum with the outside universe will never stop spinning (by conservation of angular momentum). There is no way to absorb angular momentum within the body in internal degrees of freedom; the angular momentum must be transported away if you want to stop.

For example: if something is not rigid, you could have what's called "differential rotation", where maybe the crust of the planet (say) is spinning one way, but the core is spinning the opposite way. Ignore the problem of how to make this happen, just imagine it does. There's still some total angular momentum. And if the initial angular momentum was not zero, the total angular momentum must still be nonzero. You cannot dissipate angular momentum within an isolated object.

Tidal locking happens because the angular momentum of the earth's spin (in this example) is transported to the angular momentum of the moon's orbit. To emphasize, it gets transferred from a spin to an orbit.