Skip to main content
minor change at the start, recommended a book
Source Link
Kurt G.
  • 1.9k
  • 1
  • 6
  • 19

WeRegarding the joint distribution of position and velocity:

From my previous answer we know the covariancevariance $E[\int_0^tW(u)\,du\int_0^tW(v)\,dv]=t^3/3\,.$$E[(\int_0^tW(u)\,du)^2]=t^3/3\,$ of the position. It is easy to see that the covariance between position $x(t)=\int_0^tW(u)\,du$ and velocity $v(t)=\dot x(t)=W(t)$ is $E[(\int_0^tW(u)\,du) W(t)]=t^2/2\,.$ $$ E[\textstyle(\int_0^tW(u)\,du) W(t)]=t^2/2\,. $$ Therefore, the correlation between $x$ and $v$ is

$$ \varrho=\frac{t^2/2}{\sqrt{t^3/3}\sqrt{t}}=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\,. $$ Let's normalize the variables to make them standard normal: $$ \hat{x}(t)=\frac{x(t)}{\sqrt{t^3/3}}\,,~~\hat{v}(t)=\frac{v(t)}{\sqrt{t}}\,. $$ Then, $P(\hat x,\hat v,t)$ is the density of a bivariate normal distribution with correlation $\varrho\,$: $$ P(\hat x,\hat v,t)=\frac{1}{2\pi\sqrt{1-\varrho^2}}\,\exp\Big(-\frac{\hat x^2-2\varrho\,\hat x\,\hat v+\hat v^2}{2(1-\varrho^2)}\Big)\,. $$ Therefore, the joint PDF of position and velocity is \begin{eqnarray}\label{ePDF} P(x,v,t)&=&\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2\pi t^2\sqrt{1-\varrho^2}}\,\exp\Big(-\frac{3x^2/t^3-2\sqrt{3}\varrho\,x\,v/t^2+v^2/t}{2(1-\varrho^2)}\Big)\\ &=&\frac{\sqrt{3}}{\pi t^2}\,\exp\Big(-\frac{6x^2-6\,x\,v\,t+2v^2\,t^2}{t^3}\Big)\,. \end{eqnarray} This function satisfies the Kolmogorov PDE $$ \partial_t P=-v\,\partial_x P+\frac{1}{2}\partial_{vv}P $$ for the diffusion process $$ \left(\begin{array}{c}dx\\dv\end{array}\right)=\left(\begin{array}{c}v\\0\end{array}\right)\,dt+\left(\begin{array}{cc}0&0\\1&0\end{array}\right)\left(\begin{array}{c}dW\\dW_v\end{array}\right) $$ where $W_v$ is a dummy BM that is not driving anything.

The Book of Karatzas and Shreve (Brownian Motion and Stochastic Calculus) is very useful for such problems.

We know the covariance $E[\int_0^tW(u)\,du\int_0^tW(v)\,dv]=t^3/3\,.$ It is easy to see that the covariance between position $x(t)=\int_0^tW(u)\,du$ and velocity $v(t)=\dot x(t)=W(t)$ is $E[(\int_0^tW(u)\,du) W(t)]=t^2/2\,.$ Therefore, the correlation between $x$ and $v$ is

$$ \varrho=\frac{t^2/2}{\sqrt{t^3/3}\sqrt{t}}=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\,. $$ Let's normalize the variables to make them standard normal: $$ \hat{x}(t)=\frac{x(t)}{\sqrt{t^3/3}}\,,~~\hat{v}(t)=\frac{v(t)}{\sqrt{t}}\,. $$ Then, $P(\hat x,\hat v,t)$ is the density of a bivariate normal distribution with correlation $\varrho\,$: $$ P(\hat x,\hat v,t)=\frac{1}{2\pi\sqrt{1-\varrho^2}}\,\exp\Big(-\frac{\hat x^2-2\varrho\,\hat x\,\hat v+\hat v^2}{2(1-\varrho^2)}\Big)\,. $$ Therefore, \begin{eqnarray}\label{ePDF} P(x,v,t)&=&\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2\pi t^2\sqrt{1-\varrho^2}}\,\exp\Big(-\frac{3x^2/t^3-2\sqrt{3}\varrho\,x\,v/t^2+v^2/t}{2(1-\varrho^2)}\Big)\\ &=&\frac{\sqrt{3}}{\pi t^2}\,\exp\Big(-\frac{6x^2-6\,x\,v\,t+2v^2\,t^2}{t^3}\Big)\,. \end{eqnarray} This function satisfies the Kolmogorov PDE $$ \partial_t P=-v\,\partial_x P+\frac{1}{2}\partial_{vv}P $$ for the diffusion process $$ \left(\begin{array}{c}dx\\dv\end{array}\right)=\left(\begin{array}{c}v\\0\end{array}\right)\,dt+\left(\begin{array}{cc}0&0\\1&0\end{array}\right)\left(\begin{array}{c}dW\\dW_v\end{array}\right) $$ where $W_v$ is a dummy BM that is not driving anything.

Regarding the joint distribution of position and velocity:

From my previous answer we know the variance $E[(\int_0^tW(u)\,du)^2]=t^3/3\,$ of the position. It is easy to see that the covariance between position $x(t)=\int_0^tW(u)\,du$ and velocity $v(t)=\dot x(t)=W(t)$ is $$ E[\textstyle(\int_0^tW(u)\,du) W(t)]=t^2/2\,. $$ Therefore, the correlation between $x$ and $v$ is

$$ \varrho=\frac{t^2/2}{\sqrt{t^3/3}\sqrt{t}}=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\,. $$ Let's normalize the variables to make them standard normal: $$ \hat{x}(t)=\frac{x(t)}{\sqrt{t^3/3}}\,,~~\hat{v}(t)=\frac{v(t)}{\sqrt{t}}\,. $$ Then, $P(\hat x,\hat v,t)$ is the density of a bivariate normal distribution with correlation $\varrho\,$: $$ P(\hat x,\hat v,t)=\frac{1}{2\pi\sqrt{1-\varrho^2}}\,\exp\Big(-\frac{\hat x^2-2\varrho\,\hat x\,\hat v+\hat v^2}{2(1-\varrho^2)}\Big)\,. $$ Therefore, the joint PDF of position and velocity is \begin{eqnarray}\label{ePDF} P(x,v,t)&=&\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2\pi t^2\sqrt{1-\varrho^2}}\,\exp\Big(-\frac{3x^2/t^3-2\sqrt{3}\varrho\,x\,v/t^2+v^2/t}{2(1-\varrho^2)}\Big)\\ &=&\frac{\sqrt{3}}{\pi t^2}\,\exp\Big(-\frac{6x^2-6\,x\,v\,t+2v^2\,t^2}{t^3}\Big)\,. \end{eqnarray} This function satisfies the Kolmogorov PDE $$ \partial_t P=-v\,\partial_x P+\frac{1}{2}\partial_{vv}P $$ for the diffusion process $$ \left(\begin{array}{c}dx\\dv\end{array}\right)=\left(\begin{array}{c}v\\0\end{array}\right)\,dt+\left(\begin{array}{cc}0&0\\1&0\end{array}\right)\left(\begin{array}{c}dW\\dW_v\end{array}\right) $$ where $W_v$ is a dummy BM that is not driving anything.

The Book of Karatzas and Shreve (Brownian Motion and Stochastic Calculus) is very useful for such problems.

added Kolmogorov PDE
Source Link
Kurt G.
  • 1.9k
  • 1
  • 6
  • 19

We know the covariance $E[\int_0^tW(u)\,du\int_0^tW(v)\,dv]=t^3/3\,.$ It is easy to see that the covariance between position $x(t)=\int_0^tW(u)\,du$ and velocity $v(t)=\dot x(t)=W(t)$ is $E[(\int_0^tW(u)\,du) W(t)]=t^2/2\,.$ Therefore, the correlation between $x$ and $v$ is

$$ \varrho=\frac{t^2/2}{\sqrt{t^3/3}\sqrt{t}}=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\,. $$ Let's normalize the variables to make them standard normal: $$ \hat{x}(t)=\frac{x(t)}{\sqrt{t^3/3}}\,,~~\hat{v}(t)=\frac{v(t)}{\sqrt{t}}\,. $$ Then, $P(\hat x,\hat v,t)$ is the density of a bivariate normal distribution with correlation $\varrho\,$: $$ P(\hat x,\hat v,t)=\frac{1}{2\pi\sqrt{1-\varrho^2}}\,\exp\Big(-\frac{\hat x^2-2\varrho\,\hat x\,\hat v+\hat v^2}{2(1-\varrho^2)}\Big)\,. $$ Therefore, \begin{eqnarray}\label{ePDF} P(x,v,t)&=&\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2\pi t^2\sqrt{1-\varrho^2}}\,\exp\Big(-\frac{3x^2/t^3-2\sqrt{3}\varrho\,x\,v/t^2+v^2/t}{2(1-\varrho^2)}\Big)\\ &=&\frac{\sqrt{3}}{\pi t^2}\,\exp\Big(-\frac{6x^2-6\,x\,v\,t+2v^2\,t^2}{t^3}\Big)\,. \end{eqnarray} This function satisfies the Kolmogorov PDE $$ \partial_t P=-v\,\partial_x P+\frac{1}{2}\partial_{vv}P $$ for the diffusion process $$ \left(\begin{array}{c}dx\\dv\end{array}\right)=\left(\begin{array}{c}v\\0\end{array}\right)\,dt+\left(\begin{array}{cc}0&0\\1&0\end{array}\right)\left(\begin{array}{c}dW\\dW_v\end{array}\right) $$ where $W_v$ is a dummy BM that is not driving anything.

We know the covariance $E[\int_0^tW(u)\,du\int_0^tW(v)\,dv]=t^3/3\,.$ It is easy to see that the covariance between position $x(t)=\int_0^tW(u)\,du$ and velocity $v(t)=\dot x(t)=W(t)$ is $E[(\int_0^tW(u)\,du) W(t)]=t^2/2\,.$ Therefore, the correlation between $x$ and $v$ is

$$ \varrho=\frac{t^2/2}{\sqrt{t^3/3}\sqrt{t}}=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\,. $$ Let's normalize the variables to make them standard normal: $$ \hat{x}(t)=\frac{x(t)}{\sqrt{t^3/3}}\,,~~\hat{v}(t)=\frac{v(t)}{\sqrt{t}}\,. $$ Then, $P(\hat x,\hat v,t)$ is the density of a bivariate normal distribution with correlation $\varrho\,$: $$ P(\hat x,\hat v,t)=\frac{1}{2\pi\sqrt{1-\varrho^2}}\,\exp\Big(-\frac{\hat x^2-2\varrho\,\hat x\,\hat v+\hat v^2}{2(1-\varrho^2)}\Big)\,. $$ Therefore, \begin{eqnarray}\label{ePDF} P(x,v,t)&=&\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2\pi t^2\sqrt{1-\varrho^2}}\,\exp\Big(-\frac{3x^2/t^3-2\sqrt{3}\varrho\,x\,v/t^2+v^2/t}{2(1-\varrho^2)}\Big)\\ &=&\frac{\sqrt{3}}{\pi t^2}\,\exp\Big(-\frac{6x^2-6\,x\,v\,t+2v^2\,t^2}{t^3}\Big)\,. \end{eqnarray}

We know the covariance $E[\int_0^tW(u)\,du\int_0^tW(v)\,dv]=t^3/3\,.$ It is easy to see that the covariance between position $x(t)=\int_0^tW(u)\,du$ and velocity $v(t)=\dot x(t)=W(t)$ is $E[(\int_0^tW(u)\,du) W(t)]=t^2/2\,.$ Therefore, the correlation between $x$ and $v$ is

$$ \varrho=\frac{t^2/2}{\sqrt{t^3/3}\sqrt{t}}=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\,. $$ Let's normalize the variables to make them standard normal: $$ \hat{x}(t)=\frac{x(t)}{\sqrt{t^3/3}}\,,~~\hat{v}(t)=\frac{v(t)}{\sqrt{t}}\,. $$ Then, $P(\hat x,\hat v,t)$ is the density of a bivariate normal distribution with correlation $\varrho\,$: $$ P(\hat x,\hat v,t)=\frac{1}{2\pi\sqrt{1-\varrho^2}}\,\exp\Big(-\frac{\hat x^2-2\varrho\,\hat x\,\hat v+\hat v^2}{2(1-\varrho^2)}\Big)\,. $$ Therefore, \begin{eqnarray}\label{ePDF} P(x,v,t)&=&\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2\pi t^2\sqrt{1-\varrho^2}}\,\exp\Big(-\frac{3x^2/t^3-2\sqrt{3}\varrho\,x\,v/t^2+v^2/t}{2(1-\varrho^2)}\Big)\\ &=&\frac{\sqrt{3}}{\pi t^2}\,\exp\Big(-\frac{6x^2-6\,x\,v\,t+2v^2\,t^2}{t^3}\Big)\,. \end{eqnarray} This function satisfies the Kolmogorov PDE $$ \partial_t P=-v\,\partial_x P+\frac{1}{2}\partial_{vv}P $$ for the diffusion process $$ \left(\begin{array}{c}dx\\dv\end{array}\right)=\left(\begin{array}{c}v\\0\end{array}\right)\,dt+\left(\begin{array}{cc}0&0\\1&0\end{array}\right)\left(\begin{array}{c}dW\\dW_v\end{array}\right) $$ where $W_v$ is a dummy BM that is not driving anything.

need $\sqrt{3}$ in last eq.
Source Link
Kurt G.
  • 1.9k
  • 1
  • 6
  • 19

We know the covariance $E[\int_0^tW(u)\,du\int_0^tW(v)\,dv]=t^3/3\,.$ It is easy to see that the covariance between position $x(t)=\int_0^tW(u)\,du$ and velocity $v(t)=\dot x(t)=W(t)$ is $E[(\int_0^tW(u)\,du) W(t)]=t^2/2\,.$ Therefore, the correlation between $x$ and $v$ is

$$ \varrho=\frac{t^2/2}{\sqrt{t^3/3}\sqrt{t}}=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\,. $$ Let's normalize the variables to make them standard normal: $$ \hat{x}(t)=\frac{x(t)}{\sqrt{t^3/3}}\,,~~\hat{v}(t)=\frac{v(t)}{\sqrt{t}}\,. $$ Then, $P(\hat x,\hat v,t)$ is the density of a bivariate normal distribution with correlation $\varrho\,$: $$ P(\hat x,\hat v,t)=\frac{1}{2\pi\sqrt{1-\varrho^2}}\,\exp\Big(-\frac{\hat x^2-2\varrho\,\hat x\,\hat v+\hat v^2}{2(1-\varrho^2)}\Big)\,. $$ Therefore, \begin{eqnarray}\label{ePDF} P(x,v,t)&=&\frac{3}{2\pi t^2\sqrt{1-\varrho^2}}\,\exp\Big(-\frac{3x^2/t^3-2\sqrt{3}\varrho\,x\,v/t^2+v^2/t}{2(1-\varrho^2)}\Big)\\ &=&\frac{3}{\pi t^2}\,\exp\Big(-\frac{6x^2-6\,x\,v\,t+2v^2\,t^2}{t^3}\Big)\,. \end{eqnarray}\begin{eqnarray}\label{ePDF} P(x,v,t)&=&\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2\pi t^2\sqrt{1-\varrho^2}}\,\exp\Big(-\frac{3x^2/t^3-2\sqrt{3}\varrho\,x\,v/t^2+v^2/t}{2(1-\varrho^2)}\Big)\\ &=&\frac{\sqrt{3}}{\pi t^2}\,\exp\Big(-\frac{6x^2-6\,x\,v\,t+2v^2\,t^2}{t^3}\Big)\,. \end{eqnarray}

We know the covariance $E[\int_0^tW(u)\,du\int_0^tW(v)\,dv]=t^3/3\,.$ It is easy to see that the covariance between position $x(t)=\int_0^tW(u)\,du$ and velocity $v(t)=\dot x(t)=W(t)$ is $E[(\int_0^tW(u)\,du) W(t)]=t^2/2\,.$ Therefore, the correlation between $x$ and $v$ is

$$ \varrho=\frac{t^2/2}{\sqrt{t^3/3}\sqrt{t}}=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\,. $$ Let's normalize the variables to make them standard normal: $$ \hat{x}(t)=\frac{x(t)}{\sqrt{t^3/3}}\,,~~\hat{v}(t)=\frac{v(t)}{\sqrt{t}}\,. $$ Then, $P(\hat x,\hat v,t)$ is the density of a bivariate normal distribution with correlation $\varrho\,$: $$ P(\hat x,\hat v,t)=\frac{1}{2\pi\sqrt{1-\varrho^2}}\,\exp\Big(-\frac{\hat x^2-2\varrho\,\hat x\,\hat v+\hat v^2}{2(1-\varrho^2)}\Big)\,. $$ Therefore, \begin{eqnarray}\label{ePDF} P(x,v,t)&=&\frac{3}{2\pi t^2\sqrt{1-\varrho^2}}\,\exp\Big(-\frac{3x^2/t^3-2\sqrt{3}\varrho\,x\,v/t^2+v^2/t}{2(1-\varrho^2)}\Big)\\ &=&\frac{3}{\pi t^2}\,\exp\Big(-\frac{6x^2-6\,x\,v\,t+2v^2\,t^2}{t^3}\Big)\,. \end{eqnarray}

We know the covariance $E[\int_0^tW(u)\,du\int_0^tW(v)\,dv]=t^3/3\,.$ It is easy to see that the covariance between position $x(t)=\int_0^tW(u)\,du$ and velocity $v(t)=\dot x(t)=W(t)$ is $E[(\int_0^tW(u)\,du) W(t)]=t^2/2\,.$ Therefore, the correlation between $x$ and $v$ is

$$ \varrho=\frac{t^2/2}{\sqrt{t^3/3}\sqrt{t}}=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\,. $$ Let's normalize the variables to make them standard normal: $$ \hat{x}(t)=\frac{x(t)}{\sqrt{t^3/3}}\,,~~\hat{v}(t)=\frac{v(t)}{\sqrt{t}}\,. $$ Then, $P(\hat x,\hat v,t)$ is the density of a bivariate normal distribution with correlation $\varrho\,$: $$ P(\hat x,\hat v,t)=\frac{1}{2\pi\sqrt{1-\varrho^2}}\,\exp\Big(-\frac{\hat x^2-2\varrho\,\hat x\,\hat v+\hat v^2}{2(1-\varrho^2)}\Big)\,. $$ Therefore, \begin{eqnarray}\label{ePDF} P(x,v,t)&=&\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2\pi t^2\sqrt{1-\varrho^2}}\,\exp\Big(-\frac{3x^2/t^3-2\sqrt{3}\varrho\,x\,v/t^2+v^2/t}{2(1-\varrho^2)}\Big)\\ &=&\frac{\sqrt{3}}{\pi t^2}\,\exp\Big(-\frac{6x^2-6\,x\,v\,t+2v^2\,t^2}{t^3}\Big)\,. \end{eqnarray}

Post Undeleted by Kurt G.
fixed last equation
Source Link
Kurt G.
  • 1.9k
  • 1
  • 6
  • 19
Loading
Post Deleted by Kurt G.
Source Link
Kurt G.
  • 1.9k
  • 1
  • 6
  • 19
Loading