TL;DR: Yes.

Any real resistive wire will have a potential difference along its path if current flows through it. This potential difference attracts charges to its surface.

Overall charge of your circuit with regards to the outer world determines whether the charges are positive on one end, or negative on the other end (or any combination of this).

Note that for usual circuits, these resistance-dependent charges are very small, as the voltage across a wire is typically in the mV range or less. In highly resitive wires like tunsten filament, or in high-freqeun

TL;DR: Yes.

Any real resistive wire will have a potential difference along its path if current flows through it. This potential difference attracts charges to its surface.

Overall charge of your circuit with regards to the outer world determines whether the charges are positive on one end, or negative on the other end (or any combination of this).

Note that for usual circuits, these resistance-dependent charges are very small, as the voltage across a wire is typically in the mV range or less. In highly resitive wires like tunsten filament, or in high-frequency [EDIT] ... transmission lines where inductive impedance plays a major role, the electric field around the conductor can be substantial.