There is a subtle ambiguity in your question which makes all the difference; and that is how the magnetic field is increased?

If we were to simply consider 2 situations with the same initial conditions; and each has different magnetic fields strengths; the change would be in $r$, and not in $v$; since the magnetic field will not do work on the particle (this claim is often misused however in this situation it is warranted).

However if we just increase/decrease the magnetic field over time, due to Faraday's law we will induce an electric field in corresponding to our increase/decrease and the motion of the charge. That Electric field will do work, and change the velocity of the particle, however that change in velocity will impact the magnetic force and so you would end up with a system of 2 Differential Equations. Computationally this is easy to solve, but analytically might be a little involved; I expect however that both $v$ and $r$ would be affected by this.

Of course after the transient change is complete, our system will return to a steady state orbit that is consistent with the field strength that we ended with, and the steady state velocity; but then again that steady state velocity depends on how the field strength was changed ($\frac{dB}{dt}$).

There is a subtle ambiguity in your question which makes all the difference; and that is how the magnetic field is increased?

If we were to simply consider 2 situations with the same initial conditions; and each has different magnetic fields strengths; the change would be in $r$, and not in $v$; since the magnetic field will not do work on the particle (this claim is often misused however in this situation it is warranted).

However if we just increase/decrease the magnetic field over time, due to Faraday's law we will induce an electric field corresponding to our increase/decrease and the motion of the charge. That Electric field will do work, and change the velocity of the particle, however that change in velocity will impact the magnetic force and so you would end up with a system of 2 Differential Equations. Computationally this is easy to solve, but analytically might be a little involved; I expect however that both $v$ and $r$ would be affected by this.

Of course after the transient change is complete, our system will return to a steady state orbit that is consistent with the field strength that we ended with, and the steady state velocity; but then again that steady state velocity depends on how the field strength was changed ($\frac{dB}{dt}$).