So taking ana normal emitter, reflector, detector setup, can we do the following? Make the first measurement, and log the time. Put a medium that allows light through but "slows" it down slightly, put in front of the emitter side, take another measurement. Then take that same medium and put it in front of the detector side, take the last measurement, and compare.
Test "a" is the control with no medium. If light moves the same velocity in every direction, test b and c should give a different result from the control, if say there is a change when the medium is in front of the emission side, but no change at all in front of the detector side, then this means in one direction light moves at 1/2c$\frac{1}{2}c$, and the other instantaneously, and vice versa.