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Apr 8, 2013 at 5:31 comment added A friendly helper @JohnM: because -- as you wrote yourself -- it's the STRAIGHT LINE approximation :). Everything is discretized. So you need to think: "What's the value of the potential if I consider the interval $x_{n}$ $x_{n-1}$"? Now, because you assume a the interval to be a straight line, you just approximate the potential to take the value at the middle point of your interval. This becomes exact if $x_{n}$ tends to $x_{n-1}$. I'm sorry. I don't know how to make it clearer. It's really no rocket science :)
Apr 8, 2013 at 4:26 comment added John M Additional: Why should the input variable of the potential be the average distance? Why would we not care about the average value of potential between the two points?
Apr 7, 2013 at 22:00 comment added A friendly helper @JohnM: The - sign for the derivative comes in because it's about the CHANGE of that value between two points. THat's something different altogether.
Apr 7, 2013 at 21:58 comment added A friendly helper @JohnM: As you said, and as i explained: You take the average of two points. Taking averages of a quantity is done by adding all quantities and dividing by the number of quantities. Eg: You have a cake and six friends. Each thus gets 1/6 of that cake. Same is done here.
Apr 7, 2013 at 21:50 vote accept John M
Apr 7, 2013 at 21:54
Apr 7, 2013 at 21:50 comment added John M Actually, why would this not be a minus sign?
Apr 7, 2013 at 21:18 history answered A friendly helper CC BY-SA 3.0