The usable energy of fusion is released as heat, in the form of the kinetic energy of the charged products of the reaction, primarily. The chain reaction can occur, and this is the goal (in all systems, it is a goal of each target or pulse; in some systems, it is a goal for the overall operation as well - the sun is an example of the latter), but only if we can contain the products for
- enough time
- at high enough density, and
- high enough temperature
to overcome the barriers (Coulomb) of subsequent reactions. This is very difficult since, when we add so much thermal energy to the components of the reaction, they all very quickly are driven away from one another.
This
- decreases the time of interaction,
- decreases the density, and
- decreases the temperature,
all contrary to the goals stated above. This fact motivates all fusion research.