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Eli
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your example

you have three 3 degree of freedom $u_1,u_2,u_3$ (not generalized coordinate) and 1 constraint equation $g(u_1,u_2)=0$ so you have 2 generalized coordinate .

I see two cases:

I) form the constraint equation $g(u_1,u_2)=0$ you can obtain explicit for example $u_2=u_2(u_1)$ so your position vector (mechanical system) is:

$$\vec{r}=\vec{r}(u_1,u_3)$$ $$\vec{v}=\vec{\dot{r}}=\frac{\partial \vec{r}}{\partial u_1}\dot{u}_1+\frac{\partial \vec{r}}{\partial u_3}\dot{u}_3$$

$\Rightarrow$

$$T=T(u_1,\dot{u}_1,u_2\,\dot{u}_2)=m\,\frac{1}{2}\,\vec{v}^T\,\vec{v}$$

$$U=U(u_1,u_3)$$

so:

$$\frac{d}{dt}(T+U)=0$$

The kinetic energy plus potential energy is conserved

II) If you can't eliminate one of the degree of freedom from the constraint equation then:

from: $$g(u_1,u_2)=0\quad \Rightarrow\quad \frac{\partial g}{\partial u_1}\dot{u}_1+\frac{\partial g}{\partial u}_2\dot{u}_2=0$$

so $$\dot{u}_2=\dot{u}_2(u_1,u_2,\dot{u}_1)\quad u_2=\int \dot{u}_2\,dt$$

so again like case I the kinetic energy plus potential energy is conserved

your example

you have three 3 degree of freedom $u_1,u_2,u_3$ (not generalized coordinate) and 1 constraint equation $g(u_1,u_2)=0$ so you have 2 generalized coordinate .

I see two cases:

I) form the constraint equation $g(u_1,u_2)=0$ you can obtain explicit for example $u_2=u_2(u_1)$ so your position vector is:

$$\vec{r}=\vec{r}(u_1,u_3)$$ $$\vec{v}=\vec{\dot{r}}=\frac{\partial \vec{r}}{\partial u_1}\dot{u}_1+\frac{\partial \vec{r}}{\partial u_3}\dot{u}_3$$

$\Rightarrow$

$$T=T(u_1,\dot{u}_1,u_2\,\dot{u}_2)=m\,\frac{1}{2}\,\vec{v}^T\,\vec{v}$$

$$U=U(u_1,u_3)$$

so:

$$\frac{d}{dt}(T+U)=0$$

The kinetic energy plus potential energy is conserved

II) If you can't eliminate one of the degree of freedom from the constraint equation then:

from: $$g(u_1,u_2)=0\quad \Rightarrow\quad \frac{\partial g}{\partial u_1}\dot{u}_1+\frac{\partial g}{\partial u}_2\dot{u}_2=0$$

so $$\dot{u}_2=\dot{u}_2(u_1,u_2,\dot{u}_1)\quad u_2=\int \dot{u}_2\,dt$$

so again like case I the kinetic energy plus potential energy is conserved

your example

you have three 3 degree of freedom $u_1,u_2,u_3$ (not generalized coordinate) and 1 constraint equation $g(u_1,u_2)=0$ so you have 2 generalized coordinate .

I see two cases:

I) form the constraint equation $g(u_1,u_2)=0$ you can obtain explicit for example $u_2=u_2(u_1)$ so your position vector (mechanical system) is:

$$\vec{r}=\vec{r}(u_1,u_3)$$ $$\vec{v}=\vec{\dot{r}}=\frac{\partial \vec{r}}{\partial u_1}\dot{u}_1+\frac{\partial \vec{r}}{\partial u_3}\dot{u}_3$$

$\Rightarrow$

$$T=T(u_1,\dot{u}_1,u_2\,\dot{u}_2)=m\,\frac{1}{2}\,\vec{v}^T\,\vec{v}$$

$$U=U(u_1,u_3)$$

so:

$$\frac{d}{dt}(T+U)=0$$

The kinetic energy plus potential energy is conserved

II) If you can't eliminate one of the degree of freedom from the constraint equation then:

from: $$g(u_1,u_2)=0\quad \Rightarrow\quad \frac{\partial g}{\partial u_1}\dot{u}_1+\frac{\partial g}{\partial u}_2\dot{u}_2=0$$

so $$\dot{u}_2=\dot{u}_2(u_1,u_2,\dot{u}_1)\quad u_2=\int \dot{u}_2\,dt$$

so again like case I the kinetic energy plus potential energy is conserved

Source Link
Eli
  • 12.9k
  • 2
  • 11
  • 31

your example

you have three 3 degree of freedom $u_1,u_2,u_3$ (not generalized coordinate) and 1 constraint equation $g(u_1,u_2)=0$ so you have 2 generalized coordinate .

I see two cases:

I) form the constraint equation $g(u_1,u_2)=0$ you can obtain explicit for example $u_2=u_2(u_1)$ so your position vector is:

$$\vec{r}=\vec{r}(u_1,u_3)$$ $$\vec{v}=\vec{\dot{r}}=\frac{\partial \vec{r}}{\partial u_1}\dot{u}_1+\frac{\partial \vec{r}}{\partial u_3}\dot{u}_3$$

$\Rightarrow$

$$T=T(u_1,\dot{u}_1,u_2\,\dot{u}_2)=m\,\frac{1}{2}\,\vec{v}^T\,\vec{v}$$

$$U=U(u_1,u_3)$$

so:

$$\frac{d}{dt}(T+U)=0$$

The kinetic energy plus potential energy is conserved

II) If you can't eliminate one of the degree of freedom from the constraint equation then:

from: $$g(u_1,u_2)=0\quad \Rightarrow\quad \frac{\partial g}{\partial u_1}\dot{u}_1+\frac{\partial g}{\partial u}_2\dot{u}_2=0$$

so $$\dot{u}_2=\dot{u}_2(u_1,u_2,\dot{u}_1)\quad u_2=\int \dot{u}_2\,dt$$

so again like case I the kinetic energy plus potential energy is conserved