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Apr 16 at 20:23 history edited ProfRob CC BY-SA 4.0
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Dec 23, 2022 at 9:12 history edited ProfRob CC BY-SA 4.0
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Oct 10, 2021 at 9:24 history edited ProfRob CC BY-SA 4.0
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Aug 10, 2019 at 9:08 history edited ProfRob CC BY-SA 4.0
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Aug 10, 2019 at 9:02 history edited ProfRob CC BY-SA 4.0
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Aug 10, 2019 at 8:58 comment added Emilio Pisanty Oh, for sure (and I think you've vastly improved this thread). I'll try to write up a concise follow-up when I have time.
Aug 10, 2019 at 8:55 comment added ProfRob @EmilioPisanty that is clearly a different question and I am not going to write a treatise on stellar atmospheres. I have absolutely answered the question that was asked. The answer to your Q is that the density-temperature profile in more massive stars results in an optical depth of 1 at higher temperatures. There is of course a cooler layer higher up, but it has a very small optical depth.
Aug 10, 2019 at 8:53 history edited ProfRob CC BY-SA 4.0
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Aug 10, 2019 at 8:48 comment added Emilio Pisanty I don't fully understand this answer. In hotter stars, what stops there being a cooler layer further out which does have conditions where hydride ions can form?
Aug 10, 2019 at 8:30 comment added ProfRob @flippifanus No that is not a correct summary of what I've said. I have added to my answer to deal with hotter and cooler stars. The Sun isn't unique. The vast majority of stars have photospheres between 3000 and 10,000 K.
Aug 10, 2019 at 8:26 history edited ProfRob CC BY-SA 4.0
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Aug 10, 2019 at 5:12 comment added flippiefanus So are you saying the sun is unique in this way and that other stars operate with different mechanisms? That does not sound reasonable.
Aug 9, 2019 at 14:12 comment added ProfRob @flippiefanus The question is asking about "sunlight". The principle opacity sources are different for photospheres that are hotter than 10,000K or cooler than 3000K. It is clear in my answer that I am referring to "the Sun". I may broaden my answer.
Aug 9, 2019 at 13:53 comment added flippiefanus Something's fishy: are you saying this mechanism can only work in the rather narrow range 3000K < T < 10 000K? The temperatures of stars would in general vary over much larger ranges.
Aug 9, 2019 at 12:04 history edited ProfRob CC BY-SA 4.0
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Aug 9, 2019 at 11:14 history edited Ruslan CC BY-SA 4.0
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Aug 8, 2019 at 21:48 history answered ProfRob CC BY-SA 4.0