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Apr 27, 2018 at 19:29 comment added The Photon @Seven, The net flux through the surface is 0 when there's no charge enclosed. But current can be going "in" one part of the surface and "out" another part of the surface. Sometimes (but not in your example) we can use symmetry to show that the flux must be equal over all parts of the surface (so it must all be in or all out). Or that it must be 0 on some part of the surface, and use that to reason about the other parts of the surface.
Apr 27, 2018 at 18:09 comment added garyp The test charge is taken to be vanishingly small, and does not contribute to the field being tested. Furthermore, the field produced by a charge does not contribute a force on the charge. In other words, ignore the field produced by the test charge.
Apr 27, 2018 at 17:30 comment added Seven I was figuring that because the flux is proportional to the charge inside the closed surface, and there was no charge inside, that the flux must be 0. Since posting I realized my obvious mistake, that there is a charge inside the surface. I was disregarding it because I was thinking of it as a "test charge," which I now realize was erroneous.
Apr 26, 2018 at 20:15 history answered The Photon CC BY-SA 3.0