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Apr 11, 2018 at 23:23 comment added gj255 @ArturoVialArqueros The $Z$ boson interacts similarly to the $W$ boson, except that it isn't allowed to change flavour. So a $u$ quark can emit a $Z$ boson, but it must stay as a $u$ quark. Likewise, an $s$ and an $\bar{s}$ can annihilate into a $Z$ boson, just as (for example) a $u$ and an $\bar{s}$ can annihilate into a $W$ boson.
Apr 11, 2018 at 20:34 comment added Arturo Vial Arqueros @gj255 Thanks for your reply. I'm accepting your answer as it answers both of my questions (whether the diagrams are legit, and their meanings). This information is still not enough to solve the Geocaching puzzle, but now I have a much better understanding on the subject. Would you mind explaining me one more thing? Just as a $W$ boson changes quarks in that way, what effect would a $Z$ boson have on them?
Apr 11, 2018 at 20:02 vote accept Arturo Vial Arqueros
Apr 11, 2018 at 8:27 comment added gj255 @ArturoVialArqueros When a quark emits or absorbs a $W$ boson, it can change into any other quark with electric charge differing by one unit. So when the $\bar{u}$ emits a $W$, it is allowed to change to either $\bar{d}$, $\bar{s}$, or $\bar{b}$.
Apr 11, 2018 at 4:10 comment added Arturo Vial Arqueros @gj255 I understood parts of your answer. I see how every line can be labeled with a quark from each of the baryons and mesons. I see too the situation you describe in the last part, where taking a backwards arrow as an antiparticle leads to a contradiction for the s and c quarks for the lower arrow. What I don't understand (maybe this is out of the scope of the question) is how do the W boson interactions work. How do you know , in the first diagram, that $\bar{u}$ must change to $\bar{b}$ for example? I'm trying to understand these diagrams better.
Apr 10, 2018 at 23:20 comment added Ryan Thorngren For instance in the second diagram the missing electric charge is 2/3.
Apr 10, 2018 at 22:54 comment added gj255 @RyanThorngren Could you please elaborate?
Apr 10, 2018 at 22:40 comment added Ryan Thorngren Probably the solution to the puzzle are the charge mismatches?
Apr 10, 2018 at 21:36 history answered gj255 CC BY-SA 3.0