I would guess this is the same as the effect described in Why does rubbing feet against sheets create a spark? It is a surprisingly common phenomenon. I used to be a keen photographer, and when working in a dark room in complete darkness it's surprising how many things release light. For example peeling Sellotape off the roll creates quite a lot of light.
The phenomenon is due to the triboelectric effect. When you runrub two different material together there will often be a charge separation generated. In effect some of the electrons rub off one material onto the other. This charge separation causes tiny sparks and this produces the light.
As for your bracelets, I doubt they play any role in the effect but you can easily test that by taking off the bracelets before you stroke the cat.