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Sep 20, 2016 at 15:14 comment added freecharly I found this other answer when looking for a source for the explanation. Although is is obviously not a plane wave in the microwave oven, the result should be very similar, because you can decompose the standing wave pattern in the cavity into plane waves and the boundary conditions at the hole are similar. The result should give you an idea of the magnitude of power leakage for a given hole diameter. What one considers significant number is an assumption, it is relative to the power flow in a plane wave with the area of the hole. For the cavity waves you have to make appropriate estimates.
Sep 20, 2016 at 12:15 comment added Cascabel Yes, I'm aware that microwaves are electromagnetic waves and I asked about them escaping through an aperture :) Could be good information to put in your answer then? I guess the 1/4 to 1/2 is based on you considering 1/256 to 1/16 to be significant? (Also looks like that calculation is for a plane wave, but I guess the scaling is probably still right?)
Sep 20, 2016 at 7:10 comment added freecharly In essence the problem is comparable to the escape of an electromagnetic wave through an aperture in a thin metal shield (be it light or microwave radiation). The escaping power is proportional to the forth power of the diameter to wavelength ratio. You will find more information on this in the answers given in physics.stackexchange.com/questions/141562/… . There you will also find a link to a paper by Hans Bethe on this problem.
Sep 20, 2016 at 6:12 comment added Cascabel Do you by chance have sources or explanation for the 1/4 to 1/2?
Sep 20, 2016 at 5:04 history edited freecharly CC BY-SA 3.0
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Sep 20, 2016 at 3:13 history answered freecharly CC BY-SA 3.0