ifIf the occupants of the space station were not aware of it'sits design and could not look out a window then there is no way to tell if it is rotating or they are near a earth size planet that causes the gravity.
orbitingOrbiting around another space station will causes a sensation of gravity, and it seems you are contradicting yourself, if. If there is any rotational motion about of a body around it'sits own axis or another space station then the occupants will feel a force you have defined as gravity. theyThey can't not feel it as in your space station 1 scenario.
that'sThat's how I see it as a non-pro.
asAs to acceleration, no you do not need a fixed reference point, in. In contrast to velocity which is defined as relative to the velocity of something else, acceleration is absolute in a sense that it is not relative to something else.