Some numerical values:
Althought he didn't explain his calculations, according to Tony Webber, former Qantas Group chief economist, the costs of 2 extra kilograms per person are:
These increases represent weight gains of around 0.23 per cent and 0.20 per year for woman and men, respectively. Since 2000, the extra loading that an average adult passenger carries is about 2 kilos.
All adds up
So what does this increase mean for additional fuel consumption on a big, modern aircraft like the A380?
On a route like Sydney to London via Singapore, it means around 3.72 extra barrels of jetfuel per flight is burnt, which at current prices cost about $472.
Mind you, this is for every person on the aircraft carry an extra 2 kgs. As an average Quantas A380 has 484 Passengers , and with 159 liter per barrel this will cost
$ \frac{3.72 \cdot 159}{484 \cdot 2}=0.61 $ Liter per kg taken.
Or €1.81 per kg taken, using Webbers prices.