I am doing an experiment in which I would like to block a laser beam, or allow it to be transmitted through on a nanosecond scale, based on the presence or absence of an electrical signal. When electricity is flowing to it, I would like it to block the beam, and when it is not flowing, it would allow the beam to pass through. I would like this to happen within a few nanoseconds of the signal being applied or removed. Can anyone think of a device or a way to construct a device that does this? I was thinking of smart glass, but this apparently works on far too slow a scale.
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6$\begingroup$ Try googling: electro-optic modulator, Pockels cell, Mach-Zehnder interferometer, Kerr effect, electro-absorption modulator. Which one will work for you depends on wavelength, beam diameter, power level, etc. But this might become an engineering question, which is off topic for this stack. $\endgroup$– The PhotonJul 31, 2017 at 0:18
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$\begingroup$ You say 'a few nanoseconds' like that's fast, but it corresponds to a sub-GHz bandwidth, which is still within the range of electro-optic modulators and microwave electronics. As The Photon says, there's multiple viable options and which one is best will depend on your situation, both in terms of your laser and the control electronics, in ways that may not be answerable on this site. $\endgroup$– Emilio PisantyJul 31, 2017 at 0:56
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$\begingroup$ For more information on this site's scope, see Are engineering questions appropriate for this site? on meta. $\endgroup$– Emilio PisantyJul 31, 2017 at 0:57
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Some devices to consider: electro-optic modulator, Pockels cell, Mach-Zehnder interferometer, Kerr effect, electro-absorption modulator.
Which one will work for you depends on wavelength, beam diameter, power level, etc.