While we are getting closer to speed of light our length in the direction of the movement is according to Lorentz transformation getting shorter. But we can not (even theoretically) consider length shorter than Planck length. So is speed in the universe limited more than we thought before quantum physics?
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$\begingroup$ Related: physics.stackexchange.com/q/28720/2451 $\endgroup$– Qmechanic ♦Feb 28, 2015 at 20:02
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8$\begingroup$ Why can we not consider lengths shorter than the Planck length. I'm considering one right now... I'm considering one hundredth of a Planck length. Try and stop me. $\endgroup$– hftFeb 28, 2015 at 20:06
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1$\begingroup$ You are currently moving close to the speed of light, relative to plenty of observers. Do you feel like you're shorter than a Planck length? $\endgroup$– WillOFeb 28, 2015 at 22:35
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1$\begingroup$ @WillO: Doesn't matter what I feel, it's a question of whether they observe me to obey the laws of physics or not. And, if not, what adjustments would need to be made to laws such as the questioner's "we can not (even theoretically) consider length shorter than Planck length" to account for what's observed ;-) $\endgroup$– Steve JessopMar 1, 2015 at 2:31
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$\begingroup$ @SteveJessop: I could be mistaken, but I am pretty sure the OP had the idea that there is such a thing as "getting closer to the speed of light" in some absolute sense, and that an observer who did this would feel himself shrinking. Of course the question is worded a little too vaguely to know for sure what the OP was thinking. $\endgroup$– WillOMar 1, 2015 at 3:20
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3 Answers
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But we can not (even theoretically) consider length shorter than Planck length.
This is a popular misconception. Treating Planck units as special is really more numerology than anything else. For example, the Planck mass is about the mass of a single biological cell. Does that mean physics doesn't apply to anything smaller (or is it larger?) than a cell?
Furthermore, the whole idea of relativity is that you can perform any subluminal frame transformation. If an object is 1 meter in size in one frame, then traveling at $(1-0.5\times10^{-70})\ c$ relative to that frame will contract it to $10^{-35}\ \mathrm{m}$. That's just how the moving observer would see things. It's not as though the object itself feels squished to such a small size.
For a proof by contradiction, suppose there were a speed limit based on not being able to length-contract anything to less than a Planck length. Would you accept that there could be objects of size 10 Planck lengths? If so, then we only need to boost by $0.995c$ to contract such an object to a Planck length. But we are easily able to achieve such relative speeds in the laboratory, and they happen throughout the universe all the time (e.g. with cosmic rays or quasar jets).
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$\begingroup$ wait...so there is no border in "zooming the universe"? If there is some border let's modify the thought experiment on that border. Why should the relativness of length contraction be a problem? If there was any border in length we can already consider,it doesn't matter what frame of reference we choose, right? $\endgroup$– foggyFeb 28, 2015 at 21:49
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$\begingroup$ en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_length#Theoretical_significance " the shortest measurable length" $\endgroup$– foggyMar 3, 2015 at 18:32
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$\begingroup$ Planck mass has no function to clarify what is the smallest possible weight so I am really not sure about your first section. If you compared it with Planck length I was talking about, cell is long about 1 to 100 micrometers, that's very distant to Planck length. $\endgroup$– foggyMar 3, 2015 at 18:42
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While we are getting closer to speed of light our length in the direction of the movement is according to Lorentz transformation getting shorter.
This are two misconceptions here. One is that the way this is written implies that velocity is absolute. This is not the case. The "relativity" in relativity theory means exactly the opposite. Velocity is relative.
The other misconception is with regard to the concept of length contraction. Suppose you are in a spaceship moving toward the Earth, traveling at a relativistic speed with respect to the Earth. Someone on Earth looking at you will see you as length contracted, but you won't see anything different with your own body. What you will see is that see distance between the spacecraft and Earth appears to be length contracted.
answered Feb 28, 2015 at 21:18
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The Planck length is a quantum effect (among others). SO the answer is: yes, speeds in the universe are limited by c, and also by the Planck length, indirectly. However, this latter limit has never been measured nor achieved, so that in practice, the limit by c is sufficient.
All Planck values are limits. There is no way to get a measurement result lower than the Planck length. This has been discussed at length in the literature. As an additional example, the Planck mass limits the energy that any elementary particle can have. The answer claiming the opposite is plain wrong. Planck values are not numerology, they are actual limits. Most famously, the Planck speed c, the speed of light, is an actual limit for speed of energy.
By the way: nobody has ever boosted a particle to a speed that makes it appear shorter than the Planck length, despite what the answers above claim. (Just put the numbers in and see by yourself.)
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