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In general Allen variance is not a good way to characterize non-harmonic processes and processes which modulate the phase, frequency or amplitude of the oscillator in a non-stochastic manner for the same reason that the conventional variance is not a good measure for processes that do not, at least approximately, follow a normal distribution. For practical ...

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Thats nonsense. In Spontaneous parametric down-conversion, one photon may produce two photons with half the energy. No one refers to them as components. The term "magnitude" is unusual in the context of photons. Photons have energy and spin.

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The answer is more simple than you think. Time is that, which is measured by (technologically suitable) clocks. Physical theories will simply tell you how clocks behave under certain conditions. This is purely descriptive. There is not a single physical theory out there, that gives a microscopic description of time, although the similarity of time with ...

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Okay, I am going to try and give this a shot, but this is most probably not going to be a decisive answer. Let us operate with the term event time and duration and consider only special relativity (SR). The conclusions of general relativity should be the same for reasonable space-times. (e.g. without closed time-like curves etc.) We expect event time to ...

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Duration is certainly a more physical concept than time. Duration is something you may measure between timelike separated events while time is always something you compute by adding up duration measurements + an arbitrary constant to fix the origin. Duration is experimental and relational while time (e.g. GPS time) is an abstract a posteriori ...

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The definition I use are the following. An extensive quantity is proportional to the number of components in the system it qualifies. If you double the number of components of the system (by doubling the number of atoms, the volume of liquid...), its extensive quantities will double too. On the opposite, an intensive quantity is always in a way or ...

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Actually, no. The original Dirac's concept was the annihilation in the literal meaning of that word. According to that concept, anti-particle was a particle which has anti-energy, that is, negative energy. But, after discovery of positron, and when collision of it and electron was performed, and showed that the result are two gamma-photons (when slow ...

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Taking answers and comments into account, my own current conclusion is that velocity is an intensive property, provided the system considered is homogeneous, at least with respect to speed. Like other intensive properties, this may depend on scale, and cease to have meaning at molecular level. I did not intend to write an answer to my own question but ... ...

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Your question, as of right now, seems confused to me. An extensive property of a system is one that scales with the system size. An intensive property is independent of the system size. For example, consider a system $A_1$ with $N$ particles in a volume $V$, with density $\rho=\frac{N}{V}$. Now, we consider two of these systems separately, $A_1$ and $A_2$, ...

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why does it seem improper to add many speeds (or velocities)? Adding speeds is ofttimes inappropriate even in Newtonian mechanics. Suppose Mark is moving 3 m/s eastward with respect to Bob, and John is moving 3 m/s westward with respect to Mark. The relative velocity between Bob and John is zero rather than the 6 m/s suggested by adding speeds. You can ...

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Note that the notion of work $W=\int_{\gamma} {\bf F}\cdot \mathrm{d}{\bf r}$ depends on the force ${\bf F}$. Here ${\bf F}$ could e.g. be a gravitational force or a frictional force, etc., leading to a gravitational work or a frictional work, respectively. The phrase work done against a force is shorthand for work $W_1$ done by a force ${\bf ... 0 Assume you have a force field (it can be caused by eletric, magnetic, whatever fields). So, if you have a object in position$\vec{r}$, it will feel a force$\vec{F}(\vec{r})$. So.. inside the vector field, now comes the question: What's the work I have to do to move a particle from here to there? Or, equivalently: What's the work I have todo against the ... 1 Work is done by something or someone, expending energy by exerting a force on an object. I'm not quite sure what the context is of your quote, but I'd imagine that it could be a scenario much like the following one: Imagine a ball with some mass$m$being lifted by a man. The gravitational force from Earth is pulling the ball down, but the person ... 0 Usually people call configuration space,$\mathcal{M}$, to the space of all posible coordinates needed to determine your system (although,I would include the velocities too). In non-relativistic theories The coordinates are three... and we need to provide three coordinates per (point) particle, i.e., for$n$particles one needs$3n$-coordinates describing ... 1 OP is essentially asking about terminology. As usual, be prepared that different authors call different notions differently. Well, here is a suggestion: Call the configuration space before (after) the constraints are implemented for the extended (physical) configuration space, respectively. More generally, if an author is talking about a configuration ... 3 I think that your description that the points of the configuration manifold are possible states of the system is as close to a precise definition as one will find. So for$n$particles in three dimensions, the configuration manifold is just$(\mathbb{R}^3)^n$. As for how this relates to constraints, consider the simplest example: two particles attached with ... 0 The voltage across the battery when there is zero current (no load connected) is called the open circuit voltage. The emf of the battery is equal in magnitude to the open circuit voltage. I'm not certain that there is a standard term for the battery terminal voltage when a load is connected since, in general, this voltage varies with the load. One might ... 1 For me in my own field (optics, where one most often comes across it in engineering considerations), "amps" is common spoken usage, particularly for compound words such as milliamp or microamp. For written usage, I'm afraid I like to see the full name - it is, after all, recalling a very great man of science André-Marie Ampère. Even so, curiously, the SI ... 0 Well, amp is also used as a short form of "amplifier". I highly suggest to use the full name of the unit or its symbol, i.e. Ampere or A. :) 11 Technically, apparently, your teacher is correct. BIPM and NIST In the official brochure from the Bureau international des poids et mesures (BIPM, the keepers of SI units) in §5.1 Unit symbols we find: It is not permissible to use abbreviations for unit symbols or unit names, such as sec (for either s or second), sq. mm (for either mm2 or ... 13 If I saw the word "amp" written as such in a paper in my field (astrophysics) it would strike me as a bit informal. I would expect to see the full "ampere" written. That said, it is rare to actually write out the full name of a unit; usually it follows a number and is given its standard abbreviation. When abbreviated to e.g. "$5\ \mathrm{A}\$", I would ...

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According to the Wikipedia page, amp is acceptable, but is not a correct SI unit. I think your instructor is being thorough and making certain that you know the correct term to use.

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