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4

Yes, the sun's mass isn't constant causing disturbances of orbits, but should you care. Mass of sun now: $\approx 2 * 10^{30}$ kg so $E \approx 1.8 *10^{47}$ J. Radiation per year is about $10^{34}$ J. You've got a lot bigger problems that affect your calculation of orbits. Especially like where Jupiter is relative to where you thought it was. Namely the ...

0

The Newtonian Mechanics prediction for the Mercury's Precession is actually $532''$ per century. The general result If the central force is attractive, there is a circular orbit of radius $r_0$. This circular orbit is stabble if it correspond to a minimum of the effective potential, i.e. $$U_{ef}''(r_0)>0.$$ Using that $U_{ef}=L^2/2mr^2+U$ and $F(r_0)=-... -1 You can calculate surface temperature using only atmospheric pressure at the surface and solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere. No need for green house gases. 2 The variation in the orbital distance between aphelion and perihelion is not an "uncertainty" - it is certainly variable. The ratio between aphelion distance and perihelion distance is$(1+e)/(1-e)$. The NASA fact sheet http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/earthfact.html gives the eccentricity$e\$ to 8 decimal places, so I assume (though I may be ...

-1

The simplest answer is that the Earth is even MORE massive. Don't let Earth's lack of stature relative to the Jovian systems fool you. The gas giants are truly massive but are not nor do they have physical land and water at their surface. This may seem laughable on its face as what could be more massive than a gaseous body in a liquid state? Nay, veerily....

2

What are the possible measurement error barycenter of the Solar System in NASA data? The barycenter cannot be directly observed. It is instead a computed quantity. The location of the barycenter would be easily determined if the universe was cartesian (it isn't), if we could simultaneously observe the locations of all of the objects in the solar system (we ...

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For the same reason as in Newtonian gravity, which after all is an emergent framework from General Relativity: the equations have to be solved. In Newtonian gravity the orbits are solutions of conic sections, circles , elipses, parabolas and hyperbolas. In general relativity, the apsides of any orbit (the point of the orbiting body's closest approach ...

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