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1

In the standard model the mass for the quarks and other elementary particles comes from from the Higgs mechanism. In the case of the quarks, the masses given in the table of the link are calculated using convoluted theoretical models and data input from scattering experiments.4 At the moment chiral symmetry breaking does not contribute to the quark masses ...

2

I think its easiest to understand this if one has a minimal understanding of QFT. I'm not sure about your background knowledge but hopefully this isn't gibberish to you. The QCD Lagrangian for massless quarks is given by, {\cal L} = - g \sum_i \bar{\psi} _i A _\mu \gamma ^\mu \psi _i - \frac{1}{4} F _{ \mu \nu } F ^{ \mu \nu } ...

3

Confinement, i.e. the fact that bound states in QCD are colour singlets (or in other words: there are no free quarks or gluons) is experimentally well-established. There is no doubt that it is not just a prediction of lattice simulations, but a feature of strongly interacting systems at low energies, as no free quarks (or gluons) have yet been found within ...

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