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A potential well in the Schrodinger equation will produce energy levels similar to the energy levels of the hydrogen atom A nucleus with two protons to be neutral will need two electrons. These will be accommodated in the lowest two energy levels: because of the spin statistics of electrons they cannot occupy the exact same energy level. A nucleus with ...

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$\Longrightarrow$ Four different indices: $(\mu\neq\nu\neq\lambda\neq\sigma)$ $$(\mu\nu|\lambda\sigma)\neq(\mu\lambda|\nu\sigma)\neq(\mu\sigma|\nu\lambda)\hspace{4mm}\Longrightarrow\hspace{4mm}3\cdot\binom{100}{4}$$ $\Longrightarrow$ Three different indices: $(\mu\neq\nu\neq\lambda=\sigma)$  ...

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Your diagram of 2 H -> He is extremely misleading. First, He has Neutrons and can't be made from just 2 H. It need deuterium and tritium and it's a multi-step process involving first making deuterium via $\beta^{+}$ decay. Also, your question and diagram seem to imply that there is a formula describing the curve you show but there isn't. Your curve is ...

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Not really an answer, but rather some organized comments. First, you may become disappointed but the trully fundamental laws, as we know them today, are not written in terms of force laws. Even though the concept of force is still present in Physics, it is not used in the way it was before and which seems to be the way you are thinking about them. Force is ...

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What laws (formulas) govern the fundamental forces of nature? None. Columb's law and Newton's law of gravitation classical explanations of electrostatics and gravitation,respectively. But the are no analogus formulas for fundamental interactions. They must be described in the context of Quantum field theory. QFT is to complex to give you a ...

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Chemistry and physics have a lot of overlaps. This could be atomic physics too... I don't have a short explanation, but look up orbital hybridization and molecular orbital theory for a quantum-mechanical view of this. The above two should point you in a promising direction. Good luck with understanding the physics of bonding.

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Here I want to discuss this answer by Luboš Motl in detail: Basically, you have 4 indices for your wavefunctions, out of which $k=1,\dots,4$ can be different. There are ${n \choose k}$ different possibilities to choose $k$ different values from $n$ choices. If you have 4 different indices, there are 3 possibilities to divide them into pairs. For 3 ...

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