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2

Converting my comment to an answer: Well, I'd start up a new plasma system using an inert gas - I'd rather find out any problems with a non-explosive gas mixture. Once I know that everything works (vacuum, valves, no leaks, plasma actually ignites, ...) I would move on to the more exciting mixtures. Remember - for any non-trivial system (and even many ...

1

While I have never conducted such an experiment (yet), I conjecture it will be the energy of the projectile what will determine the results. It will also bring momentum, but this would be comparable roughly to three A380 jets at cruise speed, so it probably would not change much on the result. The projectile would start evaporating already when passing ...

2

Thunder is a sonic boom, generated by the rapid heating of the atmosphere by the lightning discharge. The heat front moves faster than sound, generating the sonic boom. Thus what you hear is a pressure wave, and it can be carried by plasma, gas, liquid, or solid: by all of the states of matter.

7

Suppose you start with a linear solenoid. Due to the Lorentz force charge particles travel in circles (or helices) inside the solenoid so they can't reach the walls of the solenoid. But obviously the trouble is that they will leak out of the ends. Now we curve the solenoid round and join its ends together to make a torus so now the particles can't leak out ...

0

I'm basically at a loss how to simplify the integral. I am not sure this needs to be done. In spherically symmetric cases, the volume element, $dV$ is quite simple to deal with. In your case, you have:  \begin{align} W & = \frac{1}{2} \int dV \ \rho\left(r\right) \ \Phi\left(r\right) \\ & = \frac{4 \pi \ C}{2} \int dr \ r^{2} \left( r^{-2} ...

0

Background Generally speaking, in plasma physics one uses the terms cold and hot to refer to the ratio of the thermal, $V_{T,j}$, to bulk flow speeds, $V_{o,j}$. Meaning, a cold(hot) plasma has $V_{T,j} \ll V_{o,j}$($V_{T,j} \gg V_{o,j}$). A quick reference of the possible thermal speeds can be found in this answer. For more information on cold vs. hot, ...

1

It basically conducts electricity the same way salty water does: both contain some concentration of charged particles that are free to move. Water contains some concentrations of ions and protons (H$^+$ protons). When there is a voltage difference, the ions will move according to their charge. The hot gas of the flame contains positively charged ions and ...

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In dielectrics, no energy can be absorbed for you can just elastically deform the diectric object (e.g. the sphericity on an electronic orbital around the nucleus), just like a spring. So the deformation is transformed back into an EM wave (with polarisation and non-isotropic intensity depending of the axis of compression). It occurs with a delay depending ...

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Perhaps you could fill us in on some more details about what your application is. There are a whole bunch of ways to produce plasmas and the techniques vary largely by the application. For example DC or RF fields applied across a very small gap are used for plasmas that need to be produced at atmospheric pressures (DBDs). At the other end of a scale, a ...

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i think PIConGPU is the best choice for simulation of laser plasma interaction especially for large scale plasma. the VLPL code has been written by Prof. Pukhov's group and isn't open source. you have to contact to him or his coworkers to get the code. if you have enough time like two or three years for your simulations, you can write your own code by ...

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