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1

The common optical power on a 4km link is about 1mW, with ~2dB/km loss. with a good-quality single-mod fiber, the non-linear effects are negligible.


0

Maxwell's equations, which describe electromagnetic fields including light beams in full generality as long as you don't ask about photons, are linear. The air in for all practical purposes linear. The laser beams will pass right through each other without noticing. However, according to quantum theory, electromagnetic fields are described by QED. This ...


2

The answer by Noldig is sufficient for your question. Red lasers and the setup you describe are not sufficient to show any higher order processes in photon physics. There exists though a calculation where an effect is expected to be seen: An expression for the number of generated photons is derived, and using state-of-the-art laser data it is found that ...


4

No, there will not be an interference pattern. You can find interference patterns at the point where two lasers meet. After the laser beams crossed, you will not observe any effects of the crossing since there are no elemental photon-photon interactions. So if you move the screen into the crossing point you will probably see interference, but it is hard to ...


3

There is no magic here. To see the laser beam, the beam has to use light in the visible frequency and some of the light needs to enter your eyes. Unless the beam is pointing at your eyes you won't see it. Remember, in coherent light all the photons are traveling in essentially the same direction, with the same frequency, in the same phase. If you want to ...


1

A piece of white paper is the most common device to show a laser beam. The beam is visible on both sides of the paper. Fix it on a electronically controlled motor shaft you can rotate the paper into the laser beam. If precise control is necessary: just align an iris aperture to the center of the laser beam.


3

This link: http://alienryderflex.com/polarizer/ has an excellent explanation; much better than anything I could write here. Essentially, it says that this occurs because the 45 degree filter outputs a projection of the vertical rays at 45 degrees. This, in turn, has a horizontal component, which the final filter projects in its output.



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