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4

The color language is not really well-suited to understand why there are eight gluons. Here's why, however: The gluon field transforms in the adjoint representation of the color gauge group $\mathrm{SU}(3)$. The adjoint representation is a representation on the vector space of the generators of $\mathrm{SU}(3)$, the Lie algebra $\mathfrak{su}(3)$. An ...

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The observable effects of the gluon field are in the nuclear binding energy curve. The spill over gluon field is what gives the strong nuclear force the attraction that binds protons and neutrons into nuclei. We use this in our every day life through the electricity provided by fission reactions, and shall be using it in the future through fusion reactors. ...

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In order to create a top quark pair you need at least an energy of $2 m_t$. At Tevatron, the energy available is about 1 TeV per beam, where beam1 is a proton beam and beam2 an anti-proton beam. For simplicity, let's pick-up a parton with an energy $m_t = 173$ GeV from a proton and another parton with $E=m_t$ from the anti-proton. The ratio of the energy ...

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