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You're not missing anything. You are right, $k=\omega/c$. The argument $\sqrt{\frac{\omega ^2}{c^2}-k_z^2}$ in the Bessel function is the projection of the wavevector onto the radial direction. The use of Bessel functions beclouds what's going on a bit. Recall that a plane wave with wavevector $\vec{k}$ has the functional variation $\psi(\vec{r}) = ... 3 If you or one of your friends has transition lenses for their glasses, then you can test the UV blocking ability with those. The transition to darker shades in these lenses is initiated by UV-light. So hold your sunglasses over some transition lenses and see if they start to turn darker. You can try this with any photochromatic material really, but ... 3 In the classical picture, an incoming wave excites a (damped) oscillation in an atom. We imagine that the oscillation is of bound electron(s). The oscillating electron(s) then re-radiates electromagnetic waves, but importantly, these waves are emitted in a continuum of directions, following the spatial distribution emitted by an oscillating electric dipole. ... 2 Photons (radio waves, "light", gamma-rays, etc.) and neutrinos contribute negligibly to the total energy density of the Universe. By far, most of the photons that exists today are the cosmic microwave background, with 450 photons per cm$^{3}$(e.g. Hobson et al. 2006). The number density of neutrinos is similar, 330 per cm$^{3}$. In total, the energy density ... 2 In short, no. It's not possible to generate a 600THz electrical signal. The sole reason for this is that electrons could not physically oscillate (vibrate) fast enough using the same methods as when generating radio waves (100MHz.) One way to have electrons (which make up electricity) have that high of a frequency, is to accelerate them to high speeds and ... 2 Yes, everything shows wave-particle duality to varying degrees because "wave-particle duality" is just a name for a certain behaviour of quantum objects, and everything is believed to be a quantum object. In particular, all electromagnetic radiation can be conceived of as being made of photons, which exhibit particle- and wave-like properties. 2 When a wave travels through a rope, the rope goes up and down, the position of all the 'rope-particles' changes, they oscillate and this makes up the wave. With light, it is indeed the electromagnetic field oscillating, but you shouldn't think of the arrows that represent that field in your first picture of light as 'extending into the rest of the space'. ... 2 Light has a frequency of approx. 1e15Hz. Can light be transmitted in a hollow copper tube? Yes. No need to go relativistic. Can objects move at near the speed of light in a coax cable with inner conductor? No. They can't move in there, at all, not even at walking speed. Does any of this has anything to do with photons? No. Your experiment does have a ... 2 The ray theory of light is equivalent to the Eikonal Equation, which in turn is essentially a slowly varying envelope approximation to Maxwell's equations. If we write the electric and magnetic field vectors as$\mathbf{E}\left(\mathbf{r}\right) = \mathbf{e}\left(\mathbf{r}\right) e^{i\,\varphi\left(\mathbf{r}\right)}$,$\mathbf{H}\left(\mathbf{r}\right) = ...

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Individual photons are not considered rays. Because of the wave and particle nature of photons, they are much more complicated than what they are generally thought of: a projectile of light. In fact, they do not have an exact measurable position, but do travel in straight line trajectories. What we consider rays are lines perpendicular to the wave front of ...

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A "ray" in geometric optics is a locus of continuous propagation of light. Think of it as mapping where the energy is going in space. In principle there are an arbitrarily large number of them, but we draw a manageable number for visualization purposes. The various [letter]-rays were so named when people didn't know what they were beyond being things that ...

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The first 2-D image you posted is a typical simplification for teaching purposes. In it, they use the height of the sine wave to represent magnitude, and the directions of the sine waves to show how the fields point relative to each other. The light itself however is not itself at all cone-like. You have to imagine this sine wave existing at multiple points ...

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Graphene is composed of a single atomic layer of graphite whose carbon atoms are very tightly bonded and organized into a hexagonal lattice. The carbon to carbon bonds between the atoms in graphene are so tiny and so strong that they prevent destabilization due to thermal fluctuations. Due to its ability to absorb large and varied amounts of light without ...

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Electrons accelerating due to EM fields in the presence of gravity field radiate - examples are cyclotron radiation, antenna emissions. In the absence of EM field, whether the electrons radiate in the presence of gravitational field is theoretically problematic question, because Earth is not an inertial system, so Maxwell's equations should not apply ...

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Yes, all electromagnetic radiation shows this 'dual nature' - which is to be expected since there is nothing really separating light from the other radiation in the spectrum apart from the arbitrary boundaries we have decided for it (i.e. visible light is just defined by what humans can see). As you'll discover as you learn more about quantum mechanics, ...

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To start with a particle loses kinetic energy, and therefore momentum, when radiating electromagnetic energy in some electric field, it is the basic reason why the planetary model of an atom cannot work. Brehmstrahlung, "braking radiation" or "deceleration radiation") is electromagnetic radiation produced by the deceleration of a charged particle when ...

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I tried answering this by going to the XCOM database where you can get a calculation of the stopping power of elements and compounds. First - pick a few likely candidates. I found a table of elements with density which is a good place to start. The highest density elements are also among the highest Z ones: proton density ...

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