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I might be erring something basic here, so downvotes are welcomed, but I would love if they include comments to correct this answer, or just erase it. I do not believe the Coulomb law has been tested beyond the order of a few meters. Arguing that light remains unchanged across the universe should be irrelevant. The reason is that the electrostatic and ...

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There have been lots of experimental attempts to test the validity of Coulomb's $r^{-2}$ law. Many of these are reviewed by Tu & Luo (2004), and is where I am getting the numbers quoted below. Somewhat equivalently, experiments have looked at trying to set an upper limit to the photon mass, which is testing the hypothesis that rather than a $r^{-1}$ ...

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If you want to research the question more deeply, I would suggest you take a look at the Solar Wind. This is composed of charged particles (mostly protons) emitted by the Sun. The flow and behaviour of the Solar Wind has been studied quite deeply, not least because it affects greatly satellite operations, spaceflight, radio transmission and other important ...

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Coulombs law as well as Amperes law and similar mathematical formulations of two centuries ago, were incorporated within the strict mathematical format of Maxwell's equations . The apparently disparate laws and phenomena of electricity and magnetism were integrated by James Clerk Maxwell, who published an early form of the equations, which modify ...

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It is called Quantum Mechanics and to understand the processes a lot of graduate studies are necessary. A photon is a quantum mechanical entity/particle. The classical magnetic field , electric field and electromagnetic radiation emerge from the underlying quantum mechanical level by the very large number of the elementary underlying processes involved. ...

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Shouldn't this mean that the integral of the force between two protons is infinite if the distance becomes zero? Physics developed quantum mechanics to model nature, as it became obvious that the infinities described by classical 1/r potentials would never build up atoms and build up the world we know. The attraction of the electrostatic potential ...

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From the classical view there are electric and magnetic fields throughout space. And they have their own energy. And the energy in the fields changes as the fields change. And when there are charges the fields change differently there. They change in a way where energy flows from the fields into the charges where the electric field points the same ...

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