New answers tagged atmosphere
1
Regarding your question about changing direction:
If no light can traverse the atmosphere without interacting with air,
then what fraction of it reaches the ground without significant
changes to its direction
Remember that air has an index of refraction different than the vacuum of space (about 1.00027 for air versus 1 for space). The index of ...
2
The light you see as the image of the Sun on the sky is basically undeflected.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuse_sky_radiation says it is 75 % when the Sun is high and the sky is clear. The frequency dependency is due to Rayleigh scattering.
For the cloudy sky the fraction is much smaller, up to many orders smaller than unity (maybe 1 millionth part as a ...
0
The composition of Martian atmosphere is quite different from the one on Mother Earth (see Mars-GRAM model developed by C.G.Justus from MSFC at Huntsville, Ala. for details). On this planet, colors at sunset (and the unforgettable green ray) are dependent on water content. On Mars, it is the amount of dust in the air and related scattering that changes the ...
1
As for the question of whether anything can be hotter than the sun. The Sun is composed of plasma, an energetic phase of matter in which electrons get ripped off of atoms, and electrons and ions coexist in something that might best be described as an ionized gas.
According to this wiki page, the so-called Z machine has achieved temperatures on the order of ...
0
It depends on many factors such as the reentry velocity of the object, its shape (cone-spherical, etc.), what the planet's atmosphere is made of, whether it enters at some shallow angle and also the altitude where there's density variations in atmosphere, etc.
Googling on this, could return you a lot of results. And, all results matched a certain value. ...
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