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A vortex is defined as a region within a fluid where the flow is mostly a spinning motion about an imaginary axis, straight or curved. Mathematically, this is defined as the curl of the velocity field, $\mathbf{v}$: $$\boldsymbol{\omega}=\nabla\times\mathbf{v}$$ If we consider the strength of the vortex tube as  \Gamma=\int\boldsymbol\omega\cdot ...

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I am not an aerodynamics specialist, so the following is almost certainly a huge oversimplification (or maybe downright wrong), but I think it might help with intuition. Suppose you have an amount of energy $E$ available to spend, and you are trying to accelerate an object of mass $M$. Suppose you can impart the energy in the form of kinetic energy to an ...

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They have to meet at the same time to keep the overall pressure behind the wing equal. The velocity of the air on the top run relatively faster because it has a greater distance to travel (due to the curvature of the wing) and all in the same time as the air of the bottom. Why the same time, because when the air divides it still has to keep pressure ...

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