71
votes
1answer
5k views
Book recommendations [closed]
Every once in a while, we get a question asking for a book or other educational reference on a particular topic at a particular level. This is a meta-question that collects all those links together. ...
20
votes
12answers
2k views
Is it possible for information to be transmitted faster than light by using a rigid pole?
Is it possible for information (like 1 and 0s) to be transmitted faster than light?
For instance, take a rigid pole of several AU in length. Now say you have a person on each end, and one of them ...
18
votes
6answers
1k views
The speed of gravity?
Sorry for the layman question, but it's not my field.
Suppose this thought experiment is performed. Light takes 8 minutes to go from the surface of the Sun to Earth. Imagine the Sun is suddenly ...
59
votes
13answers
6k views
Superluminal neutrinos
I was quite surprised to read this all over the news today:
Elusive, nearly massive subatomic particles called neutrinos appear to travel just faster than light, a team of physicists in Europe ...
23
votes
8answers
13k views
If photons have no mass, how can they have momentum?
As an explanation of why a large gravitational field (such as a black hole) can bend light, I have heard that light has momentum. This is given as a solution to the problem of only massive objects ...
2
votes
12answers
3k views
List of good classical physics books
What are some good books for learning the concepts of Kinematics, Newton laws, 2D Motion of Object etc.?
21
votes
6answers
2k views
Why does space expansion not expand matter?
REFORMULATED:
I have looked at the other questions (ie "why does space expansion affect matter") but can't find the answer I am looking for.
My question:
There is always mention of space expanding ...
10
votes
4answers
1k views
Travelling faster than the speed of light
Let's say I fire a bus through space at the speed of light. If I'm inside the bus (sitting on the back seat) and I run up the aisle of the bus will I in fact be traveling faster than the speed of ...
37
votes
14answers
7k views
Why does kinetic energy increase quadratically, not linearly, with speed?
As Wikipedia says:
[...] the kinetic energy of a non-rotating object of mass $m$ traveling at a speed $v$ is $mv^2/2$.
Why does this not increase linearly with speed? Why does it take so much ...
9
votes
4answers
1k views
Is time travel possible? [duplicate]
Time travel -- often featured in movies, books, or facetiously in conversation. There are also theories treating time as simply another dimension, which to the layperson might imply forward and ...
15
votes
6answers
4k views
What would be the effects on theoretical physics if neutrinos go faster than light?
Earlier today, I saw this link on Facebook about neutrinos going faster than the speed of light, and of course, re-posted. Since then, a couple of my friends have gotten into a discussion about what ...
25
votes
10answers
4k views
Best books for mathematical background?
What are the best textbooks to read for the mathematical background you need for modern physics, such as, string theory?
Some subjects off the top of my head that probably need covering:
...
15
votes
4answers
1k views
Einstein's postulates <==> Minkowski space. (In layman's terms)
What's the cleanest/quickest way to go between Einstein's postulates [1] of
Relativity: Physical laws are the same in all inertial reference frames.
Constant speed of light: "... light is always ...
16
votes
7answers
10k views
How can a photon have no mass and still travel at the speed of light?
I've read a number of the helpful Q&As on photons that mention the mass/mass-less issue. Do I understand correctly that the idea of mass-less (a rest mass of 0) may be just a convention to make ...
61
votes
14answers
9k views
What experiment would disprove string theory?
I know that there's big controversy between two groups of physicists:
those who support string theory (most of them, I think)
and those who oppose it.
One of the arguments of the second group is ...
91
votes
13answers
5k views
How does gravity escape a black hole?
My understanding is that light can not escape from within a black hole (within the event horizon). I've also heard that information cannot propagate faster than the speed of light. It would seem to ...
26
votes
13answers
5k views
Why is cold fusion considered bogus?
Cold fusion is being mentioned a lot lately because of some new setup that apparently works. This is an unverified claim.
See for example:
...
2
votes
1answer
440 views
Interaction potential in standard $\phi^4$ theory
In this paper, the authors consider a real scalar field theory in $d$-dimensional flat Minkowski space-time, with the action given by
$$S=\int d^d\! x ...
29
votes
6answers
1k views
What is known about the topological structure of spacetime?
General relativity says that spacetime is a Lorentzian 4-manifold $M$ whose metric satisfies Einstein's field equations. I have two questions:
What topological restrictions do Einstein's equations ...
12
votes
4answers
5k views
Why do electrons occupy the space around nuclei, and not collide with them?
We all learn in grade school that electrons are negatively-charged particles that inhabit the space around the nucleus of an atom, that protons are positively-charged and are embedded within the ...
5
votes
3answers
504 views
Explain how (or if) a box full of photons would weigh more due to massless photons
I understand that mass-energy equivalence is often misinterpreted as saying that mass can be converted into energy and vice versa. The reality is that energy is always manifested as mass in some ...
68
votes
3answers
5k views
What really allows airplanes to fly?
What aerodynamic effects actually contribute to producing the lift on an airplane?
I know there's a common belief that lift comes from the Bernoulli effect, where air moving over the wings is at ...
42
votes
9answers
7k views
Don't heavier objects actually fall faster because they exert their own gravity?
The common understanding is that, setting air resistance aside, all objects dropped to Earth fall at the same rate. This is often demonstrated through the thought experiment of cutting a large object ...
29
votes
8answers
9k views
Why does the atmosphere rotate along with the earth?
I was reading somewhere about a really cheap way of travelling: using balloons to get ourselves away from the surface of the earth. The idea held that because the earth rotates, we should be able to ...
11
votes
3answers
863 views
Prove that negative absolute temperatures are actually hotter than positive absolute temperatures
Could someone provide me with a mathematical proof of why, a system with an absolute negative Kelvin temperature (such that of a spin system) is hotter than any system with a positive temperature (in ...
5
votes
4answers
818 views
Did spacetime start with the Big bang?
Did spacetime start with the Big Bang? I mean, was there any presence of this spacetime we are experiencing now before big bang? And could there be a presence/existence of any other space-time before ...
2
votes
5answers
2k views
Why can't photons have a mass
Why can't photons have a mass? Could you explain this to me in a short and mathematical way?
2
votes
10answers
4k views
What is a good introductory book on quantum mechanics?
I'm really interested in the quantum theory and would like to learn all that I can about it. I've followed a few tutorials and read books but none satisfied my need completely.
What is the good ...
7
votes
3answers
709 views
Does the curvature of spacetime theory assume gravity?
Whenever I read about the curvature of spacetime as an explanation for gravity, I see pictures of a sheet (spacetime) with various masses indenting the sheet to form "gravity wells." Objects which are ...
2
votes
1answer
262 views
Radial fall in a Newtonian gravitational field [duplicate]
Suppose an object of mass $m$ starts at rest at a radial distance $ r_0$ from a perfectly spherical mass $M$ (where $m << M$), $r_0 > R =$ radius of $M$.
Can we analytically determine when ...
-7
votes
7answers
2k views
Does Quantum Physics really suggests this universe as a computer simulation? [closed]
I was reading about interesting article here which suggests that our universe is a big computer simulation and the proof of it is a Quantum Physics.
I know quantum physics tries to provide some ...
23
votes
8answers
4k views
Why quantum entanglement is considered to be active link between particles?
From everything I've read about quantum mechanics and quantum entanglement phenomena it's unobvious for me, why quantum entanglement is considered to be active link. I.e. it's stated every time that ...
40
votes
10answers
3k views
How can I stand on the ground? EM or/and Pauli?
There is this famous example about the order difference between gravitational force and EM force. All the gravitational force of Earth is just countered by the electromagnetic force between the ...
7
votes
2answers
1k views
Is reality discrete at the quantum level? (…and what does it imply not only mathematically?)
On a quantum scale the smallest unit is the Planck scale, which is a discrete measure.
There several question that come to mind:
Does that mean that particles can only live in a discrete grid-like ...
5
votes
6answers
2k views
Is time travel possible? Is it possible to go back in time?
I read somewhere that according to relativity, black holes and other space related stuff it is possible to jump into past.
Is it possible for anything to go back in time either continuously or by ...
41
votes
4answers
3k views
Gauge symmetry is not a symmetry?
I have read before in one of Seiberg's articles something like, that gauge symmetry is not a symmetry but a redundancy in our description, by introducing fake degrees of freedom to facilitate ...
17
votes
10answers
2k views
Getting started general relativity
What are some good books, videos, websites for getting started with general relativity?
Mathematically rigorous preferred!
17
votes
6answers
2k views
Why are only derivatives to the first order relevant?
Why is the Lagrangian a function of the position and velocity (possibly also of time) and why are dependences on higher order derivatives (acceleration, ...) excluded?
Is there a good reason for this ...
13
votes
2answers
2k views
How are classical optics phenomena explained in QED (Snell's law)?
How is the following classical optics phenomenon explained in quantum electrodynamics?
Reflection and Refraction
Are they simply due to photons being absorbed and re-emitted? How do we get to ...
5
votes
4answers
2k views
The Time That 2 Masses Will Collide Due To Newtonian Gravity
My friend and I have been wracking our heads with this one for the past 3 hours...
We have 2 point masses, $m$ and $M$ in a perfect world separated by radius r. Starting from rest, they both begin to ...
3
votes
2answers
880 views
How to deduce the theorem of addition of velocities?
Lorentz contraction and time dilatation can be deduced without Lorentz transformation. Can you deduce also the theorem of addition of velocities
$$w~=~\dfrac{u+v}{1+uv/c^2}$$
without Lorentz ...
25
votes
4answers
2k views
What is spin as it relates to subatomic particles?
I often hear about subatomic particles having a property called "spin" but also that it doesn't actually relate to spinning about an axis like you would think. Which particles have spin? What does ...
10
votes
9answers
3k views
Accelerating particles to speeds infinitesimally close to the speed of light?
I'm in a freshmen level physics class now, so I don't know much, but something I heard today intrigued me. My TA was talking about how at the research facility he worked at, they were able to ...
7
votes
3answers
547 views
Why is a black hole black?
In general relativity (ignoring Hawking radiation), why is a black hole black? Why nothing, not even light, can escape from inside a black hole? To make the question simpler, say, why is a ...
6
votes
2answers
1k views
Practical matter of the Higgs-Mechanism
My maybe very naive question is, of what practical importance will the discovery of the Higgs-Mechanism be for our technological advance in the near future?
9
votes
2answers
3k views
How does the Higgs mechanism work?
I'm not a particle physicist, but I did manage to get through the Feynman lectures without getting too lost.
Is there a way to explain how the Higgs field works, in a way that people like me might ...
11
votes
5answers
2k views
Are W & Z bosons virtual or not?
W and Z bosons are observed/discovered. But as force carrying bosons they should be virtual particles, unobservable? And also they require to have mass, but if they are virtual they may be off-shell, ...
5
votes
5answers
1k views
Conservation law of energy and Big Bang?
Did the law of conservation of energy apply to the earliest moments of the Big Bang? If so, what theoretical physics supports this?
I hear that Einstein's theory of relativity disputes the law of ...
8
votes
1answer
486 views
How does one experimentally determine chirality, helicity, spin and angular momentum?
If I've got an instance of a fundamental particle, how can I separate out the measurements of these three concepts?
(I think) I understand the theory behind them, and why the particles in the ...
8
votes
3answers
1k views
What has been proved about the big bang, and what has not?
Ok so the universe is in constant expansion, that has been proven, right? And that means that it was smaller in the past.. But what's the smallest size we can be sure the universe has ever had?
I ...
