# All Questions

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### Thawing of permafrost causes positive feedback loop in greenhouse effect?

This is claimed in my climate change class, which is admittedly pretty sparse in rigorous climate physics. The reason is that there are pretty large carbon deposits in glaciers which will further the ...
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### Different postulates and statistical interpreations of quantum mechanics

Hi I have a query about the difference of two aspects of the statistical interpretation of quantum mechanics given in the popular introductory quantum mechanics books "Introduction to Quantum ...
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### Are tides just very very very weak spaghettification?

I was wondering as to why there are two tidal bulges instead of just one on Earth, and then I saw this diagram: The oval shape that the Earth's water is transformed into in this image reminded me of ...
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### How does electrical energy develop by concentrating ions on one side of a biomembrane?

In biology there is a topic called oxidative phosphorylation. In the first step of this process substrates such as isocitrate is oxidised and the electrons are transferred to coenzymes NAD+ or FAD ...
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### Tractrix - velocity pointing to pulling point

It is said the tractrix is the curve described by a mass being pulled by a string, where the end of the string being pulled moves with constant speed, and the mass suffers a drag force. What is the ...
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### Global Hyperbolicity in spacetime Manifold

If space time is timelike or null geodesically incomplete but cannot be embedded in a larger spacetime then we say that it has singularity. What does incompleteness means here?
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### Polarization of the lowest mode of a gaussian beam

Most introductory analyses of Gaussian beam optics work within Helmoltz scalar optics, and therefore they ignore the beam's polarisation. Because of that, I'm not clear on what are the possible ...
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### What is more basic thing to explain phenomenons : Energy or Force?

You know many physical happening are explained by considering forces or we can explain these phenomenon using energy (like energy conservation, etc.). so i was wondering that explaining the physical ...
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### polarization of a transverse wave travelling in ionosphere with polarization direction perpendicular to earths magnetic field

Assume a transverse electromagnetic wave entering ionosphere such that its Electric field of wave is perpendicular to earths magnetic field. Now, i read that as it will enter plasma, the wave will ...
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### Adiabatic piston: why is Callen's argument flawed?

This question is related to this one. I would ask you to read that question and my answer to the question itself before answering this one. The problem is the following. In his book Thermodynamics, ...
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### Is it possible to determine maximum frequency of a disc using a relative circumference?

On Wikipedia there is an article that shows how to calculate the relativistic effects on a rigid spinning disc, I am referencing the formula under the "Ehrenfest's argument" section in the link. The ...
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### Schrödinger-Pauli Equation Solutions

The Schrödinger-Pauli equation is the non-relativistic limit of the Dirac equation, and therefore describes spin-1/2 particles in an external electromagnetic field. It is given by: ...
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### Is the change in viscocity of water at 1C vs 99C discernable visually?

Waters viscosity varies from 1.7 at 0C to .3 at 100C. Is this visually confirmable?