# All Questions

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### Can the thermal energy in an object be aligned, creating a thermal jerk?

Thermal energy is related to the speed at which atoms vibrate, therefor thermal energy is a form of motion. In a stationary object, all of these vibrating atoms 'impact' each other in such a way that ...
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### Rotational Friction

This is the question- Consider a cylinder of mass $M$ resting on a rough horizontal rug that is pulled out from under it with acceleration $a$ perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder. What is $F$ (...
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### What were the maximal collision energy of the LHC if it were rewired to $e^{-}-e^{+}$ collisions?

Yes, I know, that it weren't a large hadron collider then. No, I don't think, that the creators of the LHC didn't know what they do. I am just curious. How could it be calculated? A such rewiring ...
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### Possible mechanics based on the known symmetries in the nature (investigating rumor)

Somewhere I've heard about a relative new mathematical result regarding mechanics. Specifically, there is a list of the known symmetries of mechanics (both Newtonian and relativistic), i.e. different ...
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### How intense a magnetic field would it take to keep an hypothetical iron-made moon orbiting around it?

The intention of the question is to provide an example of the weakness of gravity. I imagine a horseshoe magnet located at the Earth's centre (remove the Earth), and a ferromagnetic moon. How ...
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### Why are stresses of continuum systems described via a tensor?

The tittle pretty much says enough. I have always been told so but no one really motivated it. So, I would like to know why do we use a tensor to describe the stresses in continuum mechanics.
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### Read-off particle from (projected) Dynkin labels

In the review of Slanksy "Group theory for unified model building" in chapter 6: How do one relate the projected Dynkin diagrams from for example $\overline{5}+10$ of $su(5)$ to the corresponding ...
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### why countries can't make nuclear bombs? [closed]

Somehow when I google about the nuclear bombs I find a lot of books and resources that seem to explain everything about how those bombs are made. But sometimes I often hear that countries that want to ...
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### Stuck following derivation of geodesic equation

In the book "Reflections on Relativity" by Kevin Brown, there is a chapter called "Relatively Straight", in which he derives the geodesic equations using the Euler equation. Online version Just ...
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### How to convert acceleration in g to speed velocity in meter /s [closed]

I'm working on an inertial measurement unit with some MEM'S component. I want to retrieve data on a micro-controller. I have 3-axis accelerometer sensor. however I want retrieve data in $mg$ ( $g=9.81$...
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### What is the minimal symmetry required for a spin Hamiltonian to describe a spin-liquid ground state?

Let's restrict to the case of spin-1/2 system. As we know, a spin-liquid (SL) state is the ground state of a lattice spin Hamiltonian with no spontaneous broken symmetries (sometime it may ...
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### Apparent elimination of overlapping divergences

The integral, $$\iint_{\mathbb{R}^{2+}}\frac{xy}{1+x+y} \mathrm{d}y \, \mathrm{d}x$$ possesses an overlapping divergence when $x \to \infty$ and $y \to \infty$. However, under a change of ...
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### entropy in Information theory vs thermodynamic?

We Now From Information Theory That Entropy Of Functions Of A Random Variable $X$ Is Less Than Or Equal To The Entropy Of $X$. Does It Break The Second Law Of Thermodynamic?
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### Curves satisfying this functional [closed]

This is a problem in Hartle's "GRAVITY": Consider the functional $$S[x(t)]= \int_{0}^{T} \left[\left(\frac{dx(t)}{dt}\right)^2 + x^2(t)\right]\text{ }dt$$ Find the curve $x(t)$ satisfying the ...
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### How does one prove that the current of a spontaneously broken symmetry generates a particle?

I am having a hard time arguing that, after spontaneous breaking of a continuous symmetry of a field Lagrangian, local fluctuations around the vacuum can be interpreted as particles (without referring ...
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### Cosmic Microwave Background and heat flow

Can the fact that energy is distributed homogeneously in the universe be explained through heat flow and not the Cosmic Microwave Background(or in other words, can we say CMB is a result of heat flow ...
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### Ladder operator on momentum basis

Since in Quantum mechanics momentum operator can be written in terms of ladder operators $$\widehat{p}=-i\sqrt\frac{{\hbar m \omega}}{2}(\widehat{a}-\widehat{a}^\dagger)$$ these operators operate on ...
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### How could I determine the temperature at which an egg explodes

A while back, some friends and I pondered "what will happen to an egg if placed very near a campfire". So we placed an egg on a grill, approximately 12 inches above a real campfire. Something like 7-...
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### How the gravitational constant $G$ is determined?

We know the gravitational constant is $G=6.67545 \times 10^{-11} m^3 kg^{-1} s^{-2}$. But how this value is determined at first?
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### Moment of inertia of disc with a hole

Suppose we have a disc with a hole, when computing moment of inertia of this about the disc's centre. Why do we subtract the moment of inertia of the removed part from the moment of inertia of ...
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### Geometric optics- Sign conventions

Why do we need to use the sign convention again in the mirror equation while solving numericals when we know we have already used a convention while deriving the mirror equation? The question is not ...
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### Regarding the theory of the origin of water on earth through meteorites, why wouldn't the water evaporate on impact?

Water on earth has been theorized to have come through comets trapped inside crystals. But why wouldn't that water evaporate on impact, and wouldn't the atmosphere at that time allow the vapours to ...
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### Why $\vec F=m\vec a$ instead of $\vec F=m\vec v$? [duplicate]

$\vec F=m\vec a$ ,for moving object with 10 $km/s$ in a constant manner ,where acceleration is zero. ie No force on object ? http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=622711
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### What would cause a spinning fluid to stop spinning?

I once saw a demonstration where an electric current caused a drop of mercury to spin. The drop contained bits of iron, which could be seen flowing around in a circular pattern. As soon as the ...
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### Deriving Bernoulli's equation via conservation of E

So I'm not OK with how some people derive this equation. These people consider a pipe whose endings have cross-sectional areas and heights which are different. They then use the conservation of ...
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### Is it possible to create matter? [duplicate]

Is it possible to create matter? In a recent discussion I had, it was suggested that with enough energy in the future, "particles" could be created. It seems like this shouldn't be possible due to ...
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### Crystal diffraction for waves vs particles

I thought that I understand the "Bragg's Law" understanding of crystal diffraction, but recently I read something that made me confused. I understand that if the planes in the crystal have ...
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### What makes materials hard and strong?

This is something I have wondered for a long time. Why are some materials like steel, diamond, and even light materials like graphene stronger than others? Is it due to the strength of the ...
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### On the lattice structures of graphite

My question is the following: What causes graphite to have either a cubic lattice structure or a hexagonal lattice structure? Does it depend on how it is grown? Or is it a random process? I would ...
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### Capacitor charging, work done by battery on changing polarity

A uncharged capacitor $C$ is connected to a battery with potential $V$. It becomes fully charged and has a charge $Q=CV$ stored on it. Now the polarity of the battery is reversed. The capacitor will ...
644 views

### Solving for motion of rotating rod using only Newton's laws?

I have a question that's been bothering me for years. Given a rod of uniform mass distribution with total mass $M$ and length $L$ that lies on a horizontal table (with one end fixed to the table ...
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### How to calculate the velocity of this body? [closed]

Graph of a train (the body) is provided which starts from rest. What is the velocity after the train has 10 metres displacement? Thats the only things provided for the question, please help me out ...