# All Questions

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### What is the probability of quantum tunneling occurring in this CPU?

You may have noticed over the last few years that Moore's law is no longer applying to the real world. This observation states that over the history of computing hardware, the number of transistors on ...
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### Does ordinary refraction exert a couple on the refracting medium?

Refraction gives rise to a momentum change orthogonal to the propagation direction. This must result in an equal and opposite change to the medium at the boundary. Entry and exit cancel, and the ...
320 views

### A zero gravitational potential and non zero gravitational field

Give an example of a situation in which there is a non-zero gravitational field and a zero gravitational potential at the same point? $$dV=-\vec E\cdot d\vec r.$$ The above equation implies that ...
150 views

### Physical Meaning of Linear dependence of vectors in quantum mechanics

I have got some questions regarding the mathematical concepts in Quantum Mechanics that I have listed below- 1) What is the physical meaning of linear dependence of vectors in Quantum Mechanics ? 2) ...
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### Evolution of minimization of surface tension

What are governing equations (or/and variational principles) for evolution of a simply connected body of water in vacuum? Initial state - for time $t=0$ we have a bounded simply connected set ...
113 views

### Physical meaning of taking twice the real part of a Fourier transform

In my previous question, Calculating the coherence length from a spectrum, it turned out that I can calculate the coherence length of my light source from the autocorrelation function, which can be ...
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### What does really mean by- power of a number or an exponential function is dimensionless? [duplicate]

Is power of only a number or an exponential function is dimensionless? If power of any other thing can also be dimensionless then please explain with examples.
4k views

### Kolmogorov-Smirnov test vs Chi-squared test

What is the difference between the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the Chi-squared test? When should we use one instead of the other? I was reading this article, and I got confused a lot. It is hard to ...
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### Calculating Hubble Radius using relativistic effects

I am trying to calculate the Hubble Radius, or the distance from which an object will recede from an observer at the speed of light. I initially tried using $v=H_0d$ which gives $d=1.424\times10^{26}$ ...
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### Maxwell's Equations: Induction

What is the reason for some writing Faraday's Induction Law as $$\nabla \times E= -\frac{1}{c}\frac{\partial B}{\partial t}$$ versus $$\nabla \times E= -\frac{\partial B}{\partial t} ?$$
359 views

### If 'pure energy' is photons, and energy is conserved, how can matter and antimatter (electrons and positrons) annihilate into photons and vice-versa? [duplicate]

The first law of thermodynamics says energy cannot be created or destroyed. But we can collide photons to form electrons and positrons. Does this means that law does not apply in these microscopic ...
100 views

### Would electromagnetic radiation impart a pressure on a surface of neutrons?

In my physics textbook, it says that a qualitative way to envision pressure from EM waves is as follows: the electric field drives charges in the $x$ direction, and the magnetic field then exerts on ...
274 views

### Does the cell phone make dipole particles in our body dance the same way Microwave oven does in food

I am a non-physics person trying to wrap my head around some EM radiation facts. Please help me with this. I have read about Dielectric Heating on Wikipedia. And watched quite a few videos on ...
161 views

### Current when the slide wire attains a constant velocity

In a slide wire generator, when the slide wire attains a final constant velocity, is the current in the circuit 0? It does not make sense if it is 0 as the area keeps increasing, allowing more flux ...
194 views

### Batteries and fields?

Batteries generate fields in wires that essentially cause the movement of electrons. I think of batteries as two charged plates that essentially contain a mechanism between them to move electrons from ...
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### Can doppler shift be used to find the MH370 black boxes?

The Australian ship Ocean Shield has detected multiple pings from the black boxes onboard the missing Malaysia Airline Flight 370, specifically on 4 lines of bearing according to this article. The ...
106 views

### Behavior of Saha and Boltzmann

So I'm just wondering why the Saha and Boltzmann distributions behave differently as temperature increases? I know one is for ionization levels while the other is for energy levels but is that the ...
127 views

### When do stars become red giants?

I am a bit confused when do stars become red giants? Is it just after they have finished core H burning and the core contracts creating high temperatures which result in core He burning to occur which ...
258 views

### Could a tetraquark $q \bar{q} q \bar{q}$ be colorless?

CERN just posted this article where it informs that it was found an hadron which cannot be classified within the traditional quark model. What other models are there to explain this result? Or is it ...
368 views

### Quantifying the current drawn by a motor at half speed

I have a h/w question regarding the current in the armature of a motor when it is operating at half it's normal speed. The question is; A motor is designed to operate at 118V and draws a current ...
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### Are retrograde capture orbits “easier” than prograde capture orbits?

After reading up on irregular moons in the solar system - moons that are thought to be captured, most seem to be in retrograde orbit around their parent body. That led me to wonder if retrograde ...
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### What's the proof that the polarization occur s to the electric field of the light? [duplicate]

What's the proof of the light polarization that it happens to the electric field and not the magnetic field? How did Malus discover that the light is polarized although he didn't see the waves ...