# All Questions

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### Why is the following gauge transformation singular?

Suppose I have a single particle Hamiltonian: $H=\frac{p^2}{2m}+\frac{\hbar k_0}{m}\vec{\sigma}\cdot\vec{p}$, either for boson or fermion. I do a gauge transformation ...
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### Small angle approximation for coupled pendulum

I am looking at a coupled plane pendulum problem where the pendula are identical with mass $m$ and length $r$, and connected by a spring with spring constant $k$ and an equilibrium seperation $d_0$. ...
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### Holographic principle and holograms

Holographic principle or Maldacena's duality is a theory that says that the volume of space can be described by just looking the information encoded on a boundary to the region of that space. ...
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### Information and Black holes

From Youtube: A Thin Sheet of Reality: The Universe as a Hologram (Full) I have a few questions: Why there are not layers of information on a black hole? If the information is stored in the ...
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### $E$ and $B$ fields in Axial Gauge

I am trying to compute the $\vec{E}$ and $\vec{B}$ fields in the Axial gauge ($n \cdot \vec{A}=0$) where $n^2=1$, but I'm having trouble seeing the usefulness/how it simplifies the equations.
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### Boundary Condition for Generating Evanescent Waves

I'm reading through Novotny and Hecht's book on Nano-Optics (Principles of Nano-Optics), and I've come across a subtlety in the boundary conditions for evanescent wave generation (via total internal ...
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### Action of conformal generators on fields

I am calculating the action of the conformal generators on fields, to be more precise on wavefunctions. For now, I'm classical. I will just paste the part of my report on this to show what I am ...
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### Quantum Mechanisms for Isotope Fractionation

Are there any quantum properties that would enable isotope fractionation? For example, atoms with odd versus even numbers of neutrons are fermions and bosons, respectively. Has any work been done ...
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### Weak gravitational lensing multispectral, multibackground correlations

My understanding of weak gravitational lensing is that it assumes random alignment distribution of galaxies in order to estimate statistical shear and convergences, which are used to estimate matter ...
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### Why do “virtual states” in Raman spectroscopy have absorbance profiles distinct from either the ground or excited states of an absorbing material?

Do virtual states in Raman spectroscopy have distinct and observable dipoles that can interact with and/or induce dipoles in other molecules (over extremely short femtosecond timescales)? This notion ...
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### Recover activity from photo at Fukushima

This photo was published at stern magazine online. I wonder which information about the physical quantities could be reconstructed or computed given this photograph, the exposure time, and the ...
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### Degeneracy in molecular rotation energy levels for asymmetric molecules

I was recently reading Atkins' Physical Chemistry, the topic of rotational energies of molecules. It states the degeneracies of spherical top, symmetric and linear molecules as being $(2J+1)^2$, ...
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### River model of spacetime for arbitrary situations

This paper describes black holes as space flowing inward (the rotating hole also twists in a weird way): http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0411060 The proper time given by the objects is the same as ...
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### Expanding Universe Balloon Analogy - Anything Similar for Time?

It is difficult to imagine the infiniteness of space and how it itself is expanding rather than the universe expanding into something else. A helpful analogy is that of drawing little dots ...