# All Questions

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### Manufacturing Fresnel Lenses with Sound

I understand fresnel lenses are manufactured using CNC machines. I was wondering, if it would be possible to use sound to vibrate liquid silicon and then fast cool it into the standard form of a ...
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### What causes the permittivity and permeability of vacuum?

When light travels through a material, it gets "slowed down" (at least its net speed decreases). The atoms in the material "disturb" the light in some way which causes it to make stops on its path. ...
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### Single electron pumps, superconducting energy gap

I am seeking to find out how many electrons per gate cycle are pumped at different temperatures. The Single Electron Pump is made out of Al, with a $T_c=1.2\,\mathrm{K}$. This single electron pump is ...
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### Does quantum mechanics depend solely on electromagnetic waves? [duplicate]

I am beginning to learn quantum mechanics. Since determining the position of an object involves probing by electromagnetic waves and since i have read a simple derivation of Heisenberg's uncertainty ...
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### NP-completeness of non-planar Ising model versus polynomial time eigenvalue algorithms

From the papers by Barahona and Istrail I understand that a combinatorial approach is followed to prove the NP-completeness of non-planar Ising models. Basic idea is non-planarity here. On the other ...
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### Effectivness of a metallic wall against microwaves propagation

I would like to know how good or bad behave a metallic wall in stopping the propagation of an microwave signal. To be practical, let's take the example of a GSM relay antenna. If I set up the ...
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### How can I explicit the energy dependence of the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution?

I'm having a bit of a problem figuring out the energy dependent Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. According to my book (Ashcroft & Mermin) they write the velocity dependent distribution as: ...
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### Is it possible to whirl a point mass (attacted to a string) around in a horizontal circular motion *above* my hand?

I'm studying circular motion and centripetal force in college currently and there is a very simple question but confuses me (our teacher doesn't know how to explain either :/), so I hope we can sort ...
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### What could cause a 30 k g acceleration?

I'm reading the specs of an IC (Cypress 5LP SoC) and it says it's available in 30 k g shock resistance configuration. The fastest acceleration I heard of so far was hitting a golf ball hard, which ...
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### A rod of length $L$ & mass $M$ is rotating in a circle about one end then calculate tension in the rod at a distance $x$ from the support

A rod of length L & mass M is rotating in a circle about one end then calculate tension in the rod at a distance 'x' from the support ? For its solution why should we take mass of L-x portion of ...
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### Matrix representation of state

This is a quantum mechanics question, I don't quite understand what it's getting at... Suppose the we have a state described by $|1\,\,\, m\rangle$. Let its matrix representation be $\vec u$. ...
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### Relationship between photon polarization and photon angular momentum

What direction is the angular momentum of right hand polarized light points to? Is it vertical to its propagating direction? I want to recognize this in quantum theory.
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### How does a state vector change under an exchange of a boson and a fermion?

How does a state vector change under an exchange of a boson and a fermion ? That's how is $\Psi_{\alpha,\beta}$ related to $\Psi_{\beta,\alpha}$ where $\alpha$ and $\beta$ are a boson and a fermion ...
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### Another Inclined plane question

I did the FBD, and I found too many variables which are not eliminating...Moreover, I believe this question is based on kinetic and static friction. But, $\mu$ here is ambiguously defined...How Do I ...
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### Can 3 photons be combined to give a spin-0 projection?

Motivation: The neutral pion decays to 2 photons ($\pi^0\to\gamma\gamma$) most of the time. For the decay of the neutral to 3 photons ($\pi^0\to 3\gamma$) we have an upper limit on the branching ...
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### The motion of a spring

I have a question about the force set by this spring, I saw many times that $\overrightarrow{F}=-Kx\overrightarrow{i}$. I'm asking why not using $\overrightarrow{F}=Kx\overrightarrow{i}$ without the ...
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### Comparing Static Frictions

In this figure, which of the static frictional forces will be more? My aim isn't to solve this particular problem but to learn how is static friction distributed . Since each of the rough-surfaces ...
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### Would an antimatter beam create multiple matter-antimatter explosions?

To expand upon the question - in an atmosphere, would a beam of pure antimatter (disregarding technical difficulties creating such a beam or passing it through a medium) interact with the matter in ...
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### weight of fully loaded RAM

I had read a post Is a hard drive heavier when it is full? It states, there is some difference in the weight of fully loaded hard drive and an empty hard drive due to different orientation of ...
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### Moment of Inertia (triangular plate)

I want to generalize the formula for the MOI of a triangular plate (sides $a,b,c$) about an axis passing through mid point of one sides and perpendicular to it's plane . The mass of plate $M$ is ...
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### Massless string Paradox

If we introduce the notion of a massless string to denote the fact that net force on a massless string will always be $0$, since it is massless . How can these massless strings ever accelerate when ...
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### Finding radioactive nucleus given table of values

Question Measuring the number of decays per minute $N(t)$ of a radioactive source every four days we have that: $N(t=0):=N_0=200$, $N(t=4)=141$, $N(t=8)=100$, $N(t=12)=71$, where $t$ is measured in ...
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### Work done by Static friction

Here $v1$ is relative to the block on which sphere is pure rolling but static friction isn't $0$ as of now . In the following diagram, is work done by static friction $0$ ?, since the point of ...
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### Is it viable or possible to make your own transistor?

Just wondering if it is possible/viable to construct your own transistor, not small like todays, but the same scale as the one created at Bell Labs.
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### Two dimensional elastic collisions with varying angle of incident

If in an elastic collision I know all initial values and that mass for each object remains constant throughout the collision (but different from one another) how can I determine their final velocity ...
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### Grover algorithm $R_D$ Circuit

I need sketch two circuits to understand Grover algorithm. The first is the operator $R_f$ and another is the operator $R_D = H^{\otimes n}(2|0\rangle\langle0|-I)H^{\otimes n}$. I get the first ...
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### Derivation of the Biot-Savart Law [duplicate]

Can someone provide a derivation of the Biot-Savart law for electromagnetic induction? To be clear, $$d\vec{B}~=~\frac{\mu_0}{4\pi}\frac{I d\vec{\ell}\times \vec{r}}{r^3}.$$ Is there a simple way ...
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### Energy conserved… or not? Confused!

I am confused. Could someone kindly explain what's going on in this question? A particle of mass $m$ and charge $e$ moves in the $x,y-$ plane. There is a constant magnetic field $B$ that points in ...
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### Boundary conditions on wave equation

I am having trouble understanding the boundary conditions. From the solutions, the first is that $D_1(0, t) = D_2(0, t)$ because the rope can't break at the junction. The second is that ...
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### Does brown but transparent swimming pool water heat significantly faster than western style highly chlorinated pools?

Eastern European swimming pools are often brown tinted water. i was told it was the color of the chemical to keep the pools clean, but who knows. These pools did not smell unsanitary and may have even ...
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### How can string theory work without supersymmetry?

This question is inspired from reading Mitchell Porter's nice answer here to a question asking why supersymmetry should be expected naturally. Among other things, he explains that since weak scale ...
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### Asymptotic Freedom - Qualitative Explanation

I am doing a (mostly qualitative) course on Particle Physics, and am confused about the concept of asymptotic freedom. The lecture notes basically say that a quark may experience no force/be "unbound" ...
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### 5D Ricci Curvature

As part of a hw problem for a class, we're supposed to be deriving the equivalence given in equation 2.3 of this paper http://arxiv.org/abs/1107.5563. I was wondering if there is some special ...
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### Voltmeter forming a closed circuit

A battery is connected to a 10Ω resistor as shown in Figure 2. The emf (electromotive force) of the battery is 6.0 V. When the switch is open the voltmeter reads 6.0 V and when it is closed it ...
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### Why does quantum cryptography give us uncrackable codes?

Why does quantum cryptography give us uncrackable codes? What makes it 'uncrackable'? Articles in for example pop science magazines always claim QC produces uncrackable coded, however I highly doubt ...
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### Origin of interaction in inelastic neutron scatting

In solid state physics, inelastic neutron scattering is a commonly-used experimental technique for probing the energy spectrum of phonon and magnon excitations. This technique relies on the ...
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### Diagonal matrix in k-space

I'm having some trouble with an integration I hope you guys can help me with. I have that: ${{\mathbf{v}}_{i}}\left( \mathbf{k} \right)=\frac{\hbar {{\mathbf{k}}_{i}}}{m}$ and ...
As far as I know, in General Relativity, an expression of the kind $\nabla_{\mu} X = 0$ states that, associated to $X$, there exist a charge which is conserved. The first example that comes to mind is ...
Very often when people state a relaxation time $\tau_\text{kin-kin}, \tau_\text{rot-kin}$,, etc. they think of a context where the energy relaxation goes as $\propto\text e^{-t/\tau}$. Related is an ...