# All Questions

385 views

### What determines how much electrical charge an object can hold?

What determines how much electrical charge an object can hold? Does increase voltage force more electrical charge to be store in an object (Van de Graaff generator), since electric field increase as ...
50 views

### Fourier transform of random variables

My question is concerning Fourier transforms of random variables. So if the question itself is too heavy a task but you know of any good resources to learn this topic that would also be very much ...
29 views

### Determine the speed of balls after collision [on hold]

I am sorry for my English it is not perfect at this moment but I hope you will understand my question. I have a problem with solving this exercise. The two balls of the same density and radius r and ...
80 views

### Derivation of Jefimenko's Equation in Jackson's EMT book

I have been trying to understand the derivation of Jefimenko's equation in Jackson on p.246-247 which can be seen in the photographs attached. First of all I did not fully comprehend the ...
53 views

### Can I say that physical entities do not exist and everything is observed “as if” they exist? [on hold]

Maybe it is a bit philosophical question. If I have a model of the universe with all the laws in a computer program. Can I say that the electrons that are modelled in the program exist ? For me it is ...
135 views

### Is there a confirmation of dark matter signal?

Dark matter, as we know does not emit light, so confirmation of its presence is indirect. Are there any recent indirect confirmations of dark matter. A place one would look for in detecting dark ...
124 views

### What is the proper time used in relativistic non-equilibrium statistical physics?

In the literature one often finds covariant relativistic generalizations of classical non equilibrium statistical equations (Boltzmann, Vlasov, Landau, Fokker-Planck, etc...) but I wonder what is the ...
51 views

### Spinor notation in general relativity

I have a somewhat broad/big question, and I know that there are many references for it available out there. However, so far I couldn't find anything that I can really understand, that's why here is my ...
14k views

### How effective is speeding?

At a simple level, speeding in a car attempts to minimize the time required to travel a distance by utilizing the basic relationship: $$d=st$$ So for a given distance, time should be inversely ...
31 views

### Langrange multiplier

What does it mean in Langrange multiplier in one interpretation when in example occurs minimum potential that is given by roote from two/two why must be this value given in this mode? It can be in ...
16 views

### Boat Hull Drag in Shallow Water

I paddle several different types of small craft in the ocean and bays near my home. One phenomenon I've observed is beyond my understanding of drag on a narrow displacement hull. When paddling in ...
68 views

### Are atoms bad and good? [on hold]

Is there a concept that means classifying over good and bad atoms? Why the atoms in a particle of dust or contamination are unhealthy and the particles of something organic is healthy? Why some stuff ...
55 views

### In continuum mechanics, why is the stress vector $T=\sigma\cdot n$ not a covector?

In continuum mechanics, the stress vector (see Cauchy stress tensor) $T=\sigma\cdot n$ is the surface density of a force. Forces are covectors, since they map a displacement vector to a scalar energy. ...
18 views

### Is the Singlet state for Helium with 2 electrons symmetric rather than anti-symmetric as is meant to be for fermions?

I'm looking at two-electron Helium atoms where one electron is in the ground state (due to if it were in other states, it's de-excitation would simply lead to the ionization of the electron). The ...
75 views

### Which function denotes the energy of thermal motion within a system?

In thermodynamics, the heat $Q$ is defined as a type of energy in transfer, and is not a state function, which function denotes the energy of thermal motion within a system? 1) $TS$, (there is a ...
29 views

### Calculate required power output for a laser

How to calculate power rating required for a laser in order to produce a dot at a specific distance after reflection? For example, the laser is 10cm from the mirror, at an angel of 30 degrees it ...
33 views

### Simple question. Where to find coefficients of friction? [on hold]

I am trying to calculate the force the Terracotta Warriors apply to the Lykan Hypersport in the Fast and Furious 7 movie. I am trying to find the frictional force of the statues applied against the ...
41 views

### Quantum mechanics question in derivation of Heisenberg-Euler Lagrangian in Schwartz “QFT” notes

In http://isites.harvard.edu/fs/docs/icb.topic1246957.files/IV-9-EffectiveActions.pdf (Page 20) Schwartz derives the Heisenberg-Euler Lagrangian using Schwinger's proper time method. To do so, he ...
822 views

### Origin of lepton/quark generations?

What theoretical explanations exist for the fact that there are three generations of leptons and quarks? I'm not so much asking why there are exactly 3 generations, but rather what makes electron, ...
24 views

### cosmological red shift significance in terms of success of gr

So from a killing tensor the FRW metric is known to possess, for a massless particle we find the well known result that as the universe expands the frequency of the photons decreases . But , what ...
130 views

### Noether's theorem in general relativity

Noether's theorem yields a conservation law for every symmetry. Is that independent of the Lagrangian i.e. when $\mathcal{L}\neq T-V$? In general relativity the integral that is minimised will be the ...
37 views

### Turbulence and art [on hold]

I read about turbulence a few days back.I saw a video showing the physics behind van gogh's starry night and physics.But I could not really understand the link between starry night and physics of ...
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### How can the speed of sound increase with an increase in temperature?

I was reading a textbook. I found that it was mentioned the speed of sound increases with increase in temperature. But sound is a mechanical wave, and it travels faster when molecules are closer. ...
63 views

### Can Ampere's law be applied to 3D loop

Usually in textbooks Ampere's law is just illustrated using 2D loops which forms a plane. Can the law be applied to 3D loops which cannot form a plane surface within the loop? In a 3D loop which ...
44 views

### Spinor helicity formalism, exact form of the spinors

I am trying to understand how to perform computations with the spinor helicity formalism, I am studying on this review http://arxiv.org/abs/1308.1697. I have stumbled upon a problem though, in pag. ...
25 views

### Are there computerized ontologies for Relativity and (Experimental) Physics? How to contribute?

As machines and automation can generally assist humanity in physical activities, and even exceed mere human capabilities, so, increasingly, also in tasks of reasoning. A basic component of the latter ...
12 views

### Classical limit and generalized coherent states

In quantum optics coherent states introduced by Glauber have a localized probability distribution in classical phase-space with maximum following classical equations of motions. This is not a ...
36 views

### Is $g$ zero somewhere outside the Earth?

As value of $g$ is maximum on the surface of the earth and zero at the center. My question is what is the value of distance from surface of Earth where value of $g$ is zero? I tried to solve the ...
226 views

The adiabatic approximation for solid state systems is rather radical. I was wondering in which cases it breaks down. As it is based on the idea of the nuclii being much heavier than the electrons I ...
27 views

### How is angle measured by telescope in spectrometer is twice the prism angle [on hold]

While measuring the angle of the prism with the help of telescope in a spectrometer (see figure below), the observed angle is twice the angle of the prism. Can someone prove it geometrically? Edit : ...
145 views

### Is This A Working Time Machine? [duplicate]

picture taken from this video for those who do not like to click on youtube links youtube video - retrocausality through Double Slit & Bose The answer will probably be no, but i am interested ...
19 views

### Confusion regarding Changing flux

I have a confusion regarding where flux changes and where it is constant. When a flat coil moves between two opposite poles of a magnet, parallel to their faces we say the flux is constant and no ...
11 views

### Electric Flux through a lamina

I was wondering what the electric flux would be through a square (or any planar lamina for that matter) if I placed a charge at the centre of the square. I think that it will be 0 since none of the ...
24 views

### Time dependent and Time Independent Schrödinger Equation [on hold]

What is the meaning of Schrödinger's Time dependent and Time Independent Equation?
20 views

### Calculate small small oscillations of a pendulum

The system is setup as follows: A point $O_1$ moves along the $x$ axis with it's $x$ coordinate being $a\sin(\omega t)$ and $\omega\ne\sqrt{\frac{g}{l}}$. There's a pendulum attached to $O_1$ of ...
93 views

### In a CMCS 2-body system, why does the speed of the particles after collision stay the same?

A particle $m_1$ is traveling with velocity $v$ toward a stationary particle $m_2$. The velocity of the center of mass is given as $v_c=\frac{m_1}{m_1+m_2}v$. Changing to a moving coordinate system, ...
221 views

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### Internal reversibility

The concept of reversibility always gives me a hard time.In a reversible process the change of entropy is zero. On the other hand for irreversible process it is not.But there comes another topic which ...
27 views

### How does electric energy flow in a circuit? [duplicate]

I have read that the electric energy flows from the battery into the circuit through electric field created outside the wires into the light bulb (or any other resistor). I have also read that the ...
16 views

### Holonomic constraints and degrees of freedom?

Can we see that a constraint can decrease the degrees of freedom of a system if and only if it is holonomic. Either way please can you explain why?
26 views

### Suggestions for Thesis on possible areas of Biophysics [on hold]

I am currently doing my Masters in Physics, and I am planning to start my Thesis this summer on any one areas of Biophysics which I found quite broad to look for and I am struggling to choose any one ...
140 views

### Why is Silver-108 unstable

Why is Silver-108 unstable if silver-107 and silver-109 are stable? I found it on crash course but no answer was given.
46 views

### What would happen to a star if a Dyson sphere lined with mirrors reflected a significant portion of the stars light back to the star

I have looked for similar questions here on stack exchange. The closest example to this that I found is Could a Dyson sphere destroy a star. That question assumed less than perfect absorption of ...
38 views

### Need help understanding Peskin&Schroeder QFT

I don't understand (19.73) in Peskin & Schroeder Introduction to QFT \begin{eqnarray} \sum_n \phi^{\dagger}_n(x) \gamma^5 \phi_n(x) &=& \lim_{M \rightarrow \infty} \sum_n ...
The Earth-Sun distance on a given day of a year, can be calculated using the formula (source pdf): $$\frac{d}{\rm AU} = 1 - 0.01672\cos(0.9856({\rm day}-4))$$ where $\rm day$ is the count of days ...