# All Questions

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### What's the difference between particle's helicity, spinor's helicity and chirality?

What's the difference between particle's helicity, spinor's helicity and chirality ? I read a saying that right-handed spinor correspond to the left-handed positron, right-handed spinor correspond to ...
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### Help getting my head around frames of reference in special relativity

OK, so my textbook says that in time dilation and length contraction, the proper time and the proper length is "That which is in the frame of reference of the observer at rest relative to the event". ...
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### How do I overlap this two-particle symmetric wavefunction?

Suppose we have a symmetric wavefunction that composed of a two-particle system: $$\psi_s = \frac{1}{\sqrt 2} \left(|u,A\rangle|v,B\rangle + |v,A\rangle|u,B\rangle\right)$$ where $u_{(x)}$ and ...
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### What is a “charged order parameter”?

In condensed matter physics, especially in the context of superconductors, if an author uses the phrase "charged order parameter", what does it refer to? Since the superconductor has a close relation ...
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### Unbroken Supersymmetry and the higgs mass

Supersymmetry should cancel the radiative corrections to the Higgs mass and solve the hierarchy problem. If Supersymmetry would be unbroken, would the higgs mass be 0?
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### Is the molecule of hot water heavier than that of cold water?

We know that the molecule of hot water($H_2O$) has more energy than that of cold water (temperature = energy) and according to Einstein relation $E=mc^2$ ,this extra energy of the hot molecule has a ...
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### How do I get around the fact that boundary conditions don't apply in the equation's region of validity?

A tight string lies along the positive x-axis when unperturbed. Its displacement from the x-axis is denoted by $y(x, t)$. It is attached to a boundary at $x = 0$. The condition at the boundary is ...
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### Why the generators of boosts transform like a vector under rotation?

$$\left[J_i,J_j \right]=i\epsilon_{ijk}J_k$$ $$\left[J_i,M_j \right]=i\epsilon_{ijk}M_k$$ $$\left[M_i,M_j \right]=-i\epsilon_{ijk}J_k$$ where $J_i$ is the generator of rotation of Lorentz group, $M_i$ ...
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### Effect of CO2 on the environment, besides greenhouse effect and ocean acidification [on hold]

What effects does the raising level of CO2 in the atmosphere have, besides being a greenhouse gas and responsible for the increased acidity of the oceans? What other environmental damages does it ...
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### Eigenstate of field operator in QFT

Why don't people discuss the eigenstate of the field operator? For example, the real scalar field the field operator is Hermitian, so its eigenstate is an observable quantity.
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### Can a wave possess spin?

Since a matter wave is associated with a particle in quantum mechanics, does the wave spins? I mean, can we visualize the spinning of wave or is it possible that the wave spins?
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### 'hypersurface orthogonal' component of covariant derivative of normal vector

I believe that answer to my question is rather trivial but I can't seem to get my head around it. In context of ADM formulation of gravity (or any other differential geometry context, I guess) the ...
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### Calculate analytically the time until two spheres meet due to gravitation [duplicate]

Imagine you have two homogeneous spheres with the same diameter of $d=0.1 m$. They have the same mass $m = 1 kg$. The distance between the centers of mass is $r= 1 m$. Their electrical charge shall be ...
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### Stern Gerlach Experiment

Since l=0 for a valence electron in 5s state of silver, L=0 and therefore magnetic dipole moment is also 0 which means that the beam should not have deflected at all. So, we introduced the property of ...
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### Truss Analysis with multiple moments creates linear combinations

So in my engineering statics course we have been doing a great deal of work with trusses and machines, and a part of the physics behind it has really been confusing me. Just as a note, I also have ...
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### Numerical Tools to find Braiding Statistics of Quasiparticles

While certain classes of systems that exhibit topological order can be solved exactly (such as the Toric Code, Abelian FQH Edges, etc.) there also exist systems (think of perturbed versions of the ...
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### Characteristic polynomial of a Matrix

In fact, this problem is more likely to be a math problem. When I read a paper(http://arxiv.org/abs/0707.2875), the author includes the characteristic polynomial for a type of matrix $A_k$ with ...
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### Probability distribution in phase space and Liouville's theorem?

We can define a probability distribution over phase space (say 1D) $\rho(x,p)$ such that, for example, $$\langle x\rangle = \int x \rho(x,p) dxdp$$ etc. It can be shown here that such a distribution ...
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### Who was the R. Dolen behind Dolen-Horn-Schmid duality? [on hold]

Can you provide biographical information for R. Dolen, known for Dolen-Horn-Schmid duality?
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### What is the Electric field of an infinite line charge while on the same axis [on hold]

Consider a line of charge (w/ charge per unit length lambda(L)) which extends along the x-axis from $x = -\infty$ to $x = 0$. (a) Find the electric field at any point along the positive x-axis (b) ...
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### Spin connection in higher dimension

I have a problem regarding computation of spin connection in the case where One or more dimension is compactified. For example if we take a $D+1$ dimensional bosonic string action and write the $D+1$ ...
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### What happens to an Electron when its charge is transferred elsewhere [on hold]

I am vastly uneducated in the areas of physics and chemistry. I am aware that electrons do have a mass, and that they carry a charge. I think that when an electron gains energy it becomes excited and ...
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### Why don't the kinematic equations agree with calculating velocity one second at a time?

A car is moving at a velocity of $10 \, \text{m}/\text{s}$. After point $A$ no acceleration is provided. By simple measurement, the acceleration is found to be $-1 \, \text{m}/\text{s}^2$. Using ...
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### Sum of forces with liquid in rotation

It's not homework (I'm teacher). I would like to compute sum of forces on this study : The shape is symmetrical like that I'm sure the center of gravity is in the center of the shape. I compute ...
### A graphical proof that the $SU(2)/\mathbb{Z}_2$ vortex is non-orientable
The text, see [1], compares the vortex solutions of a spontaneously broken symmetry $U(1) \rightarrow 1$ and $SU(2)\rightarrow U(1) \rightarrow \mathbb{Z}_2$. The vortices can be classified by ...