# All Questions

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### 't Hooft–Polyakov and Dirac monopoles, instantons and solitons

What is the difference between a 't Hooft–Polyakov and a Dirac monopole? (I read in the wikipedia article on the 't Hooft–Polyakov monopole: "The 't Hooft–Polyakov monopole is a topological soliton ...
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### How does one solve this problem(IOAA 2014, data anlysis)? [on hold]

http://prntscr.com/7nwjrt http://prntscr.com/7nwjvf This problem is from IOAA 2014, second problem from data analysis. I can't connect height with time without velocity or maximum height, which I ...
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### Importance sampling for Coulomb potential

The integral I have to solve is: $$I=\int\int d \mathbf{r}d \mathbf{r}' \frac{\Phi(\mathbf{r})\Phi(\mathbf{r}')}{|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{r}'|}$$ It is a six-dimensional integral which I am going to ...
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### The logarithmic decay of WIFI

I have been told that Wi-Fi, LTE etc signal strength fall of as $$\propto \frac1{\log(r)}$$ where $r$ is the distance. I am wondering why this is. I better explain what I mean with this question. ...
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### Stress-energy tensor on spacetime satisfying Klein-Gordon equation

Consider the stress-energy-momentum tensor $$T_{\alpha \beta}=(\nabla_\alpha \phi )\nabla_\beta \phi -\frac{1}{2}g_{\alpha \beta}((\nabla^\nu \phi ) \nabla_{\nu} \phi +m^2 \phi^2$$ where the ...
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### Are there any $f(R, T)$ models of gravity?

For the past few months I have been studying $f(R)$ models of gravity. Recently I came cross $f(R, T)$ modified models of gravity. For the past few days I have tried to work out the difference between ...
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### Where can I find a good theoretical treatment of conductor shielding?

Suppose one has three current carrying cylinders lying on the same plane. Some of the electric field of the first conductor ends up on the second conductor, which creates capacitance C12. But also ...
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### How to find the remaining subgroup after some Higgs field gets a VEV?

Say we have a group $G$ and a set of Higgs fields in a representation $R$ of $G$. One of the Higgs fields in $R$ gets a VEV, how can I determine the remaining subgroup after this symmetry breaking? ...
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### Question about Elon Musk's Hyperloop Suspension [on hold]

So one of the proposed suspension systems that will be used on the hyperloop include the externally pressurised air cushions. These cushions lift (or atleast help lift) the capsule and reduce drag ...
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### I want to test a tunable optical filter that can quickly change from being a red light filter to being a blue light filter [on hold]

I want to test a tunable optical filter that can quickly change from being a red light filter to being a blue light filter. For this purpose, I am wondering about photonic crystal tunable optical ...
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### entaglement experiments in laboratories for atom and photons-how to? [on hold]

My questions come splited like this: 1.How to entangle a spin and a photon in an experiment? 2.How to test for entanglement in the lab?3.There is entanglement for an atom also? 4. What does it mean ...
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### electric field inside hollow conducting bodies

Let's say that there's a hollow conducting sphere placed in the presence of an external electric field and there's a + ve charge placed inside the sphere at a point other than the centre of the ...
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### What is the optimal slope for Archimedes screw?

The Wikipedia article has nice image showing how the Archimedes screw work: As I understand, the red balls do not fall down because they are in minima caused by the screw. Because of material ...
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### How to calibrate an ammeter and voltmeter? [migrated]

How can I calibrate an ammeter and a voltmeter. I just want to know about it. Because it might be helpful and I think it is a vital thing to know. So how can I do this?
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### Question about Majorana spinor's property

I am reading the BBS, Exercise 5.1 This exercise is nothing but showing that two Majorana spinors $\Theta_1$ and $\Theta_2$ \begin{align} \bar{\Theta}_1 \Gamma_{\mu} \Theta_2 = -\bar{\Theta}_2 ...
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### Does measurement change the evolution of wave function?

Basically any measurement is on wave function $|\psi\rangle$ is done by operator $X$ such that $X|\psi\rangle$ results observable $x$ with some probability. But what happens to $|\psi\rangle$? Does ...
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### Is there / What is the technique to detect water on a remote object? [on hold]

For example, before human went to the moon, how could we find out if there are water underneath? How accurate will it be? Or without opening a suitcase, how could we non-destructively find out how ...
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### Firing a blank vs live round from a gun [on hold]

When firing a gun, is there any difference between a blank round and a live round, aside from the obvious presence of a bullet exiting the muzzle? For example, does it sound different? Is there any ...
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### What is supposed to be used as $m$ in $m\lambda = d\sin \theta$

I know that $m$ is the "order number", but I don't understand how this applies to the lab we did. We looked at Hydrogen gas through a diffraction grating (500 lines/cm or something like that) and saw ...
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### Intersection of two moving objects [on hold]

There are two objects. The first object moves with speed $U_1$ from known point A to known point B. The second object has speed $U_2$ and starts from known point C. What is the direction the second ...
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### How are determined experimentally the energy levels of the atoms ? How is the calibration done to several decimal points?

I see discrepancy for the absorption edges for the atoms in the X-ray ? For example K-absorption edge of carbon can be anywhere between 282 to 284eV according to different sources. My question is ...
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### Is air infiltration a type of convective heat transfer (convection)

I have a building / physics question... A major source of heat loss in homes and buildings is infiltration through cracks (warm air from inside seeping out). Wondering if this falls in the category ...
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### newtonian-mechanics [on hold]

A 1000Kg helicopter hovers over a forest fire and starts to squirt water downward with a speed of 10m/s at the rate of 40Kg/s. What is the initial upward acceleration on the helicopter when it first ...
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### Is UV catastrophe same as IR catastrophe?

I am currently studying quantum physics from Serwey-jewet. Where in the topic of Planck's law, infrared catastrophe is alternatively used for UV catastrophe while explaining how Plancks constant ...
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### Does the entropy of the universe change as expansion exceeds the speed of light?

The potential encoded information in a photon that is at the edge of the observable universe would seem to be lost as the universe expands. Does that loss of information contribute to the overall ...
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### The Golden Ratio and universe [on hold]

It is well known that golden ratio is "almost everywhere", also it is in Milky Way galaxy Can general relativity (or Newton's gravity) explain why the arm of Milky Way galaxy is approximately ...
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### How do we know the boundaries of a wavelength?

So the length of a wave is the distance between two compressed regions as shown in this representation of a longitudinal wave: But how do you know exactly where the two points are? Is there a point ...
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### Closed timelike curves in the spin-2 gravity formalism

Let's say we take some topologically trivial CTC spacetime, like the Gödel metric : $ds^2 = -dt^2 - 2e^{\sqrt{2}\Omega y} dt dx - \frac{1}{2}e^{\sqrt{2}\Omega y} dx^2 + dy^2 + dz^2$ And then I ...
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### Why does specific heat increase with temperature?

Except for monoatomic molecules, specific heat increases with increase in temperature. Why?
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### Question on time dilation [duplicate]

When i studied physics we had this example where someone climbes into a rocked flyes into space comes back the time that passes for him one year time on earth 86 years. I think most know what thinking ...
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### Is Isochoric compression or expansion possible?

Stirling cycle is made of two isothermal and two isochoric processes. Heat is added isothermally, expansion and compression takes place isochorically, as given by the book. How can a gas be ...
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### Does a person inside a falling bus fall to the front of it?

So I was watching Final Destination 5 and something caught my attention. There's a part where a bridge collapses and everything falls apart, so there's this bus that has a person inside (unaware of ...
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### Work done by friction on a body?

I know that when a body slides over a surface, the work done by friction is not stored as potential energy in the body. It is dissipated in the form of heat. But why is it not stored as potential ...
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### Would momentum be conserved in teleportation? [on hold]

Defining teleporation loosely as at least quantum tunneling all of your particles and preserving the arrangement. If that doesn't work, assume the mechanisms of the most basic definition of ...
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### Why does hitting a cold bag of water freeze?

About 24 hours ago, I bought a box of 30 pieces water ice. I put them in the freezing compartment and when I came from work I was expecting a nice chilling ice. But when I opened the freezer, I saw ...
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### The working of rheostat/ potentiometer [on hold]

I can't grasp the concept of how a rheostat divides potential and acts as a variable resistance in a circuit.I have tried asking my teachers and fellows but their explanation hasn't been satisfactory. ...
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### Resonance Stabilization of a mass-spring system

Given point-masses connected by loss-less springs and a specific initial kinetic energy distribution. What mathematical tools exist to analyze the system for resonance stabilization. This problem ...
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### Can the entropy of a part of a closed system become less than the initial entropy of the entire system?

I am reading Sir Roger Penrose's book "What came before the Big Bang?". Here, I came across a chapter where he talks about how sunlight provides us energy in low entropy and how through various ...
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### Book suggestion for introductory plasma physics

I have an undergraduate background of electrodynamics, special theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. I would like to study plasma physics by myself so please suggest a few introductory books on ...
PROBLEM I am trying to determine the moment of inertia of a connecting rod (conrod) in a crank-slider mechanism. $r$ is the crank radius. $l$ is the length of the conrod. $I_{rod}$ is the moment of ...