# All Questions

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### How to find total force on an object?

If there are are a multitude of forces on an object, acting on it in different directions, how do you find the TOTAL force? I know you add up the x components and the y components individually, but ...
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### maximun work in a reversible process

I often read maximum work done is by a reversible process. Shouldnt the more appropriate sensence should be maximum work done per unit of heat is maximum in a reversible process. ?
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### Electric field at a point [on hold]

We consider a thin disk whose center is $O$ and radius is $R$, which has an electric surface charge density of $\sigma$. We want to find the expression of the electric field $\vec{E}$ at a point ...
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### What does “nonlocal in time” mean?

I am studying MOND theory. At some point Milgrom says the theory needs to be nonlocal in time in order to enjoy Galilei invariance, but I don't understand the meaning. Which are the major ...
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### Measure of interaction of two quarks and Casimir operators

Let's have two quarks, which refers to representations of $r_{1}$ and $r_{2}$ of color symmetry group. They create bounded state which refers to the representation $r$. There is a statement that ...
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### Rigorous version of field Lagrangian

In Classical Mechanics the configuration of a system can be characterized by some point $s\in \mathbb{R}^n$ for some $n$. In particular, if it's a system of $k$ particles then $n = 3k$ and if there ...
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### Wavefront sensor specifications Shack-Hartmann

Why is the dynamic range of Shack-Hartmann wave-front sensors (As seen in the first image below) quoted in wavelengths and not in angles? I thought that one of the most important aspects of the ...
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### Applied Mechanics Statics of a Rigid Body [on hold]

The I-beam $A-B$ shown below is supported by a cable at $B$ and a pin at $A$. The cable is inclined at an angle, $\theta = 23°$ to the longitudinal axis of the beam. The beam supports a load, $m$, of ...
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### Spontaneous symmetry breaking to subspace not giving massless bosons

I'm currently trying to understand spontaneously broken in general and have stumbled upon a weird result which doesn't seem to correspond to my knowledge about broken gauge symmetries. Suppose we ...
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### Heisenberg approach of Quantum Electrodynamics

I am reading the book of Gunar Kallen "Quantum Electrodynamics" and in the Chapter VI he study the Vacuum polarization. He computes the experimental observable current ...
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### Is reflection instantaneous?

I was wondering while reading "On the Electrodynamics of moving bodies" by Albert Einstein (1905) (Translated to English). In the paper, he describes the time as being: by definition that the ...
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### Direction of particle's vibration.

I have seen a question related to the the direction of the vibration when a wave moves. I see there two opposite picture that represents contradictory notion of getting the accurate direction of the ...
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### Arrow of Time in Information transfer

I am writing a sci-fi script and need some legitimate theory to back up a central story element (so there's no real world application): Could there be a logically consistent theory supporting the ...
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### Is the probability density of a finite potential well independent of time or not? [on hold]

The probability of the first excited state of a finite potential well is time independent or not? Why?
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### Is it possible to predict the weather like John Locke? [on hold]

In series 1 of the TV show Lost, the character John Locke seems to be able to predict the weather preternaturally well; he says, during a monsoon, that the rain will stop in a minute, and lo and ...
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### Understanding the Jacobian Matrix

Taking the example of a two dimensional system, desribred by the following ODE's: \begin{align} \frac{dx_1}{dt}&=f_1(x_1,x_2)\\ \frac{dx_2}{dt}&=f_2(x_1,x_2) \end{align} The Jacobian Matrix ...
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### Zamolodchikov's c-theorem paper

I am reading the 1986 paper [1] where Zamolodchikov proves the c-theorem and I would like to understand how equations (7a), (7b) and (8) are derived from the Callan-Symanzik equation. For ...
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### The concept of torque among other unknowns

Someone asked me this question and I am going to try to ask it as 'proper' as possible. Imagine there is a door and it needs a mass on the floor at the edge of the door to keep it from swinging shut. ...
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### How to accurately mark with arrows an electric circuit

As I understood, we choose to mark the current with arrows going from the plus pole to the minus pole (even though we know that in reality it is the contrary). As I'm looking at electric circuits, I ...
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### Defects of smart glass (electrochromic glass)?

Smart glass is a type of glass that uses electrochromic mechanism to change it's light transmission properties in response to voltage, and it's made by sandwiching certain materials between two panes ...
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### Can multiple lasers be concentrated in a circular area using some optical arrangements?

Can multiple lasers be concentrated in a circular area using some optical arrangements such as using a paraboloid surface? If yes, why do in high laser power systems do they use only 2D arrays of ...
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### Is the coefficient of restitution frame independent and energy conservation?

In this question I am ignoring relativistic effects. The following statements I think are true: change in Kinetic energy is not invariant under change of frame Force is invariant under change in ...
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### Weinberg QFT Chapter 5: gamma matrices consistency

Currently reading through Weinberg's QFT book (Vol. 1) [readable in parts here]. In his derivation of the causal Dirac field in Ch. 5, he chooses his gamma matrices as (5.4.17) \begin{align} ...
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### Should the answer to Einstein & Quantum gravity be found in conditions of our local observable universe? [duplicate]

It seems like the discourse over a unified Einstein and Quantum Gravity disregards the phenomena encountered in our local observable universe, such as we find throughout the Intergalactic Medium. One ...
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### Right hand solenoid example

I am just studying for my physics final exam. I came across this example and am not satisfied with the answer. My answer is that Z is South and the current would flow from Y to X because of the ...
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### Does a ball spin more from left to right than it does from right to left?

I swear that in a manual on tennis published by the German Tennis Association (Deutscher Tennis Bund) it stated as fact that all things being equal a ball will move more from left to right than from ...
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### Determining Acceleration Based On Graph

I understand how to solve this problem, but I am unsure how to generate an equation for the graph (below). My current attempt involves using the mass provided along with the derivative of the line ...
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### Dependence of scattering on particle size and refractive index

How does the intensity of light scattered by a medium depend on the refractive index and the size of the particles dispersed in the medium? I found plenty of literature about the dependence of ...
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### Can I use ultrasound to detect metal underground? [on hold]

I am doing research which aim to detect metal underground. I know that most metal detectors are based on the concept of change of inductance of an inductor caused by mutual inductance with a ...
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### On the pressure in a fluid

In my textbook (Resnick Halliday Krane), the derivation for pressure in a fluid at a given depth is done assuming that the fluid is homogeneous. Thus, the book concludes that the pressure in a fluid ...
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### What is the magnetic field on surface of a current carrying conductor?

Biot Savart's law says there should be none as the current element is along the displacement vector, hence as $\sin \theta = 0$, so, the magnetic field must be zero. But, as per Ampere's loop rule ...
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### Finding the angle of fuzzy dice in a car when deccelerating [on hold]

You are driving at 25m/s when you see Bambi in the road! The coefficient of friction between your tires and the ground is .8. You slam on your brakes praying friction is great enough for Bambi to ...