# All Questions

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### Is my interpretation of how a gravitational wave is formed correct?

I'm sure many here are familiar with the following image showing the 2D representation of how the fabric of spacetime is warped by the presence of mass:- Can this fabric be interpreted as an ...
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### Right Hand Rule for Proton Magnetic Field

I thought that right hand rule was for find the magnetic field generated by a current, where your thumb point in direction of the current. However, I was watching something that said we can curl our ...
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### How can we tell if a molecule is in thermodynamic equilibrium from scattering data?

We have a molecule that is emitting/absorbing photons. We know the Hamiltonian and that there are several levels. We count the emitted photons at different angles and frequencies. We can also do ...
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### What does “shortwave radiation” mean to a meteorologist?

I'm have an empirical model developed using surface observations of radiation (400-1100nm). I tend to think of this as visible, near infrared, and a little bit of shortwave infrared. I now need to ...
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### Charged particle singularity

Is it possible to manipulate magnetic/electric fields, similar to magnetic confinement technologies/penning traps, to compress charged particles into black holes?
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### How is anti-hydrogen captured?

Knowing that the overall charge is zero, what mechanisms/technologies are used to capture anti-hydrogen? Where is it stored until annihilation? I am aware of magnetic traps being used to edge the ...
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### Relativistic Doppler Effect and the Sagnac effect

What I think I know about the Sagnac effect can be found here. It occurs to me that the equations for calculating the time do not take the Doppler effect into account. I'm familiar with the very ...
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### How do we 'watch ' atomic interactions?

I'm relatively new to objective physics and it's measuring and imaging abilities.. Specifically I don't know if we can 'watch' inter/or intra molecular exchanges like the photonic and electronic. I ...
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### How to see the ground state degeneracy (GSD) from a $BF$ theory in $2+1$ $d$?

I have seen many times the $BF$ theory has non-trivial ground state degeneracy (typically on torus), but I can not see how the conclusion come out. Recently I found a paper by Hansson, Oganesyan and ...
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### Circuit Diagram [on hold]

Three resistor are put into play, two in parallel and another in series to them. One of the resistors in parallel is decreased. what will happen to the voltage and current.
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### How can light have the same speed for all observers? [duplicate]

I'm a little confused on this. If you're travelling at, say, 10% of the speed of light then light is travelling at 3x10^8 ms^(-1) relative to you. If you're moving at 80% of the speed of light and ...
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### Interaction Lagrangian forms

When a charge motion is given (known), the electromagnetic field can be explicitly found (Retarded potentials, etc.). The interaction Lagrangian density is $j\cdot A$ or in the action it may look like ...
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### Theory on what would happen if a proton touches anouther [on hold]

I came up with a theory on what would happen if two protons touched each other. I want to know if it is scientifically valid. If two protons repel each other, then the closer you bring them together, ...
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### Electric Field due to volume charge [on hold]

Electric Field at point P due to volume charge Since,the Electric field at point (0,0,z) is dE = ρvdvaR/4πε0R2 aR = cosα az + sinα aρ where aR means unit vector R can anyone derive the above ...
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### Dry Ice Sublimation time, practical calculations [on hold]

I would like to send a parcel to a family abroad with frozen (to the temperature of -18 ° C.) products.The products are small balls having a diameter of 4 cm. Balls are made from pizza dough.Total ...
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### Why do we believe in a “force” driven universe? [on hold]

Why do we not believe in the potential for a "unified force field" universe, to the exclusion of the belief in the potential for a mechanical, gear driven universe, if the correct shape for the gear ...
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### Is Ballentine's description of the Berry phase (in his book _Quantum Mechanics_) flawed?

Ok, so I'm looking at Ballentine's Quantum Mechanics right now, 7th reprint (2010). On page 363, he starts with 12.7 Adiabatic Approximation and quickly moves on to explain Berry's phase on page 365. ...
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### Why charge is an extensive property [duplicate]

While reading examples of extensive properties, I cam across electric charge. Can someone please explain to me why electric charge is considered to be an extensive property? We know that extensive ...
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### Which inertial observer should I choose when using $\Delta U = -\Delta K$?

I just read and undertood that For any conservative force $F$ (which is not necessarily constant), we can define a potential energy change $\Delta U$ of an object on which the force exerts as ...
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### What is the Weak force?

In this Particle Physics books I'm reading it explains Weak force with Beta Decay, a Neutron turns into a Proton after emitting an electron, so after it emits an electron one of the neutrons ...
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### What does it mean by $t=-1$?

if the position vector of a particle is $\hat{r}=\left(4+3t\right)\hat{\imath}+\left(t^3\right)\hat{\jmath}+\left(-5t\right)\hat{k}$, i want to find at what time this particle passes through the point ...
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### Conceptual resources for understanding Physics [on hold]

Before I ask my question, I would like to note that this is a request for resources, and not a question dealing with the principles of Physics. Conceptual tools help us bridge our perception, ...
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### Is internal symmetry the same as gauge symmetry?

This is more a terminology question. I have seen that some people differentiate between the two types of symmetry: internal symmetry and gauge symmetry (of a field theory). Is there a difference (in ...
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### Reflection of two electromagnetic waves

Can Electromagnetic waves be reflected by another electromagnetic wave without having any physical (transparent or opaque) material (i.e., in free space with one wave having twice the amplitude of the ...
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### Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor concepts, pupil conjugate planes?

I am just starting to looking at the application of wavefront abberommtery to measure abberations in the human eye. I am confused over the pupil conjugate planes, do you use relay lenses to image the ...
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### Collision of a pendulum with other pendulums hanging at different heights

This is a question from a competitive test. I am not sure how to reason this out. By the length of the string, S should have the maximum amplitude. But this would be the case only when the pendulum ...
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### What is the power of combination of an erect and an inverted halved convex lens?

So I have this question from a competitive exam. And I don't know to solve for the second part (I have a guess at the answer, but don't quite understand it). For the first part, focal length ...
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### What is the equation for plotting a graph for absorption in air as a function of wavelength(7.5micrometer-13micrometer)? [on hold]

What is the equation for plotting a graph for "Absorption in air as a function of wavelength(7.5micrometer-13micrometer)"?