# All Questions

54 views

### Klein-Gordon Field Angular Momentum Operator in Terms of Creation and Annihilation Operators

I am computing the angular momentum operator for real Klein-Gordon field (essentially question six of here (though please note this is not a homework question, I am following through Tong's course via ...
107 views

### Question on an unbalanced Wheatstone bridge

Let, P/Q = R/S in the usual sense of a Wheatstone bridge where PQRS are resistances. Then we know that the potential between midpoints of PQ and RS are equal and there's no potential difference ...
27 views

### How can I estimate CO2 emissions for a vehicle travel distance

How can I properly estimate CO2 emissions for a given travel distance (of a private vehicle)? I found the following formula, but I'm not sure that it's correct: ...
36 views

### Difference between symmetry and invariance

I'm wondering what's the real difference between symmetry and invariance in Physics. I believe that sometimes the two words are given the same meaning and some other times they are used in a different ...
21 views

### Free fall and gravitational time dilation

An observer 'A' at rest in a gravitational field has some amount of time dilation relative to an observer 'B' far away from the gravitational field. Would the clock of an observer 'C' in free fall at ...
30 views

### Difference in resistance between two configurations

Given a spherical shell of a conducting material with radius $a$, surrounded by a poorly conducting material between it and another conducting shell with radius $b$, you can calculate the resistance ...
20 views

### What if electric force was independent of the distance?

The electric force between two charged particles becomes weaker with increasing distance. Suppose instead that the electric force were independent of distance. In this case, would a charged comb ...
17 views

### Will charge transfer without friction

I know rubbing two objects of different materials together will result in a negative charge on whichever material has a higher electron affinity. However, I was wondering if a negatively charged ...
432 views

### Semiconductor problem: how much Boron is required to establish a certain amount of charge carrier density

The problem description is as follows: Boron is used to dope 1 kg of germanium (Ge). How much boron (B) is required to establish a charge carrier density of 3.091 x 10^17 / cm^3. One mole of ...
16 views

### Using stellar spectroscopy to measure stellar parameters, why is it log g?

Stellar spectroscopy can in principle measure the stellar surface gravity, radii, effective temperature, and stellar rotation. Why is it that surface gravity g is ...
93 views

### Infinite square well that suddenly decreases in size

A well known exercise in basic quantum mechanics is the sudden (diabatic) increase of the length of an infinite square well. Now consider a particle in an eigenstate of an infinite well that is ...
57 views

### Children of entangled particles

Theres a photo on the wikipedia page Quantum Entanglement there's a image of a photon being split into two entangled photons via crystal. I used this picture to demonstrate the scenario below. ...
15 views

### What justifies adding phasors' vertical components

I learned that, when superimposing two waves on top of each other to calculate the resulting wave's amplitude, it's helpful to use phasors. From what I gathered, phasors are vectors originating at the ...
264 views

### Boundary conditions on current carrying wire

I'm trying to simulate by finite elements method Maxwell equations for a current carrying wire. My 3d geometry consists of a cylinder and a box containing it. I will use a mixed formulation and ...
39 views

### Fermi Level: chemical potential vs. electrochemical potential

In solid-state physics it is understood that the Fermi-Level is the electrochemical potential. The Fermi-Level is defined to: However, in thermodynamics this formula is referred to as the ...
52 views

### how to solve the following question about quantum mechanical wave function? [on hold]

How to solve this question regarding quantum mechanical wavefunction ?
55 views

### Why does a sheet of paper fall slower than the same when rolled into a ball?

It depends on volume but both the sheet and the sphere have the same volume.Does surface area play any role here?
13 views

### Are the produced entangled photons in type II SPDC always in phase?

Are the produced entangled photons in type II SPDC (spontaneous parametric down conversion) always in phase? In Kim's delayed choice quantum eraser, two entangled photons are produced by a BBQ ...
38 views

### Charged versus rotating black holes as different kinds of wormholes

I've heard that a maximally extended charged black hole can be a traversable wormhole to the same universe whereas a maximally extended uncharged rotating black hole can only be a wormhole to ...
217 views

### Proton scattering off electrons

I'm looking at a question which starts off as: A proton is travelling through a material and scattering the electrons in the material. Express the scattering angle in terms of the impact parameter, ...
310 views

### Does a thermally expanding torus experience internal stress?

I'm trying to learn continuum mechanics and thermo-mechanics. As we know, heating an object increases the mean atomic distance $a_0$ of the atoms in a rigid body. Let's assume it is a linear elastic ...
61 views

### What was the motivation behind the work formula?

Surely there must be a reason we decided to use this as a metric for mechanical energy.How was it developed and what made it more acceptable than other work formula candidates (Like force over time, ...
46 views

### Which photons pass through a circular annulus?

Passing light through a circular sieve: Well, actually, let’s think about radar or microwaves with a wavelength of order a centimeter or two, so you can tailor your aperture, say by etching a silver ...
43 views

### Derivation of geodesic deviation equation from two neighbouring geodesics

I'm stuck trying to follow Foster and Nightingale's derivation of the geodesic equation from two neighbouring geodesics $x^{a}\left(u\right)$ and $\tilde{x}^{a}\left(u\right)$ joined by a ...
108 views

### Scaling arguments for the Contact mechanics between two elastic spheres

I am studying a bit granular dynamics and I have seen that two spheres of radius $R$ in contact with a contact area of radius $a$ would need an applied force $F$ on this two spheres that is nonlinear ...
100 views

### Why does Bernoulli's principle work?

So, if we have a large pipe which is constricted in the middle, the fluid in the middle section will move faster. Why is it so? What dictates that liquid that an X amount of it must pass on the other ...
87 views

### Reference for mathematics of statistical mechanics

I'm looking for materials (books, articles, etc) which focus ONLY on the mathematics of statistical mechanics (as I have no background in physics). The materials may have some simple explanations or ...
312 views

### If we connect a block of p-type semiconductor only to a positive terminal, will it become positively charged?

Connect the positive terminal of a battery to a piece of p-doped semiconductor, say, silicon doped with boron. Will the terminal pull electrons out of the doped silicon, or equivalently, inject holes ...
75 views

### What is the baryonic mass distribution of the Milky Way

There are many, many studies of the Dark Matter halo around the Milky Way but I'm having trouble finding good raw data about visible matter. I'm investigating a MOND like model and would like some ...
36 views

### What produces this 477 keV spectral line?

Question about a specific line on a gamma spectrum, here. Below is a background gamma spectrum observed by a Ge[li] detector. I've been able to identify all the lines with mostly certainty, apart ...