# All Questions

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### What are the prerequisites to study topological quantum computation/topological phases of the matter? [closed]

I am an undergraduate student and I would like to approach the subject of topological order with focus on topological quantum computation, I know (very) little QFT and basic algebraic topology (if ...
201 views

### Rotation of object on another object under rotation

First, I would like to know the rotational velocity of disk2 if disk1 turns at $\omega1$. The axis "x" is fixed to the ground and disk1 is allowed to turn around it. Axis "y" is fixed to disk1 and ...
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### Laser excitation of Phonon Modes

Can a laser only excite optical modes? The name appears to have historical significance in terms of the sodium ion, but I presume it must be true when looking at the dispersion relationship (the ...
4k views

### What is the difference between dot and cross product?

What is the difference between dot product and cross product? Why do we use cross product to find torque, why can't we use dot product? Also we use dot product to find work done and not cross ...
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### Solving for Normal Force

I'm working through The Nature of Code, which is an awesome book, lots of fun. I've come across Exercise 3.13 and I'm not sure how to solve it. I'm assuming that the force of gravity and the force of ...
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### Signal Induction in a Wire due to Alternating Current

I wanted to make sure I understand induction well enough. Assume we have two wires running parallel to each other. Wire A has a signal of $f(t)$, wire B has a signal of $\hat{f}(t)$. Let's connect a ...
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### What's wrong with this simple derivation of energy flux in a photon gas?

In a photon gas, we know that pressure, $P$, and energy density, $u$, are related by: $$P=\frac{u}{3}$$ We also know from relativity that the momentum of a photon is $$p=\frac{E}{c}$$ Finally, the ...
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### Magnetic field in materials with non-constant magnetic susceptibility

I'm quite lost what $B$ and $H$ is. It seams to me that most of the texts I read do quite poor job in explaining them properly. They are explained only in cases when magnetic susceptibility is ...
63 views

### Complete Energy Equation for Non-Zero Masses

The most simplified version of the energy equation (which is also the most known) is $E=mc^2$ However, I understand that this only applies to objects with non-zero mass and zero velocity. I also read ...
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### Is it true that the sun will cause very high temperatures on Earth long before the red-giant-phase?

I heard at least three claims about the development of the heat of the sun. In an old book, I read, that nothing dramatically will happen in the next few billion years. Wikipedia states, that the ...
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### What's a lepto-diquark?

This questions refers to Slansky's Group theory for unified model building, page 106 of chapter 7. He assigns the weight $(1)(01)$, which is stepwise projected from $E_6$ to $SU(2)\times SU(3)$, to a ...
83 views

### Reference for stochastic processes which helps moving from a basic level to a measure theory one

I'm looking for a reference (books, notes, lectures) which helps a physicist to understand the language of measure theory in the context of stochastic processes (in particular markov chains). I've ...
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### Electron energy in a synchrotron storage ring vs. X-ray energy from the wiggler: why is the latter much lower?

I know in large synchrotron facilities some beamlines produce very intense X-rays by injecting the accelerated electrons into "wigglers". I have read that the typical energy of the electrons in the ...
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### Box normalization

Whenever we study free fields, the solutions of these fields (or particles, whatever feels most comfortable) are always given by plane waves. The dispersion-relation $\omega=\omega(k)$ will of course ...
462 views

### Question regarding Schrödinger's equation

Here is my understanding of Schrödinger's equation and wave functions: (I'm considering the time independent equation.) The equation takes in values of energy as an input and, being a differential ...
41 views

### Why would a screen(with touch controls) in a vibrating environment be readable if its refresh rate is dynamically matched with vibrations?

So, I was reading about this Dragon V2 and it has got touch controlled screens, but screen might be unreadable for pilots because of engine vibrations and whatnot. I came across this comment on ...
118 views

### Wouldn't 3 or more particle entanglement allow passing classical information?

My (simple) understanding of entanglement is that by measuring the spin of one entangled particle, the other entangled particles' spin changes to the opposite of measured particle. This act of ...
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### Photons and perfect mirror

A perfect mirror means, that all the photons which collided with the mirror will be reflected in the same amount, with the same energy and with the same - except sign - angle. Will the mirror get an ...
84 views

### Gravity proofs/can it be measured? [closed]

Is it possible to measure gravity other than cause and effect. Gravity is a principle which can only be measured by cause and effect. Ie since an object falls we assume there must be something pushing ...
247 views

### Why Shock wave propagation is faster

From The Blast Wave A fraction of a second after a nuclear explosion, the heat from the fireball causes a high-pressure wave to develop and move outward producing the blast effect. The front of ...
322 views

### Is quantum uncertainty principle related to thermodynamics?

Would like to ask a question, but first i would like to say Hello Everybody in a way that plays the system, since some geniouses decided that one should not be able to say hello in a question. The ...
28 views

### am i finding the force correctly?

I am trying to see if I am doing a problem correctly. Problem Suppose you carry a 50kg sack of potatoes up two flights of stairs, a total height of 10m. How much work did you do? If it took you ...
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### Infinite number of galaxies?

I understand that the current estimate for the number of galaxies in the observable universe is about 100-200 billion. Is there anything in our understanding of physics and the evolution of the ...
127 views

### Beginner Quantum Mechanics Questions and Theories [closed]

So, I recently read the following article: http://www.preposterousuniverse.com/eternitytohere/quantum/ and I have some questions on some of the things it discussed, as well as some theories of my ...
100 views

### Nuclear shell model - finite square well

I am trying to make a simplified approximation and solve Schrodinger equation in the finite square well to model the nucleus of Ca (shell nuclear model). The potential is $V(r) = -V_0$ for ...
732 views

### How much power would it take to stop a bullet with a magnet?

If a 7.5 gram copper-jacketed lead bullet (say, a 9x19mm Parabellum) was travelling at 360 m/s, how much power would it take to diamagnetically stop it in the space of one meter? This question comes ...
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### triangular symmetry of surface tension configuration of small grains on water

This is freshly ground pepper on water. Why is there a triangular configuration of the water around the pepper fragment? Surely all these pepper fragments have different shapes? You can clearly see ...
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### How come gravity is $\mathcal{N}=8$? Why is graviton spin 2 [duplicate]

I never understood why supergravity $\mathcal N=8$, nor why the spin of a graviton is 2. I've been reading around but I still don't have a back-of-the-envolope understanding.
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### Examining the presence of persistent domain from time series data

There are three variables, $X_t$, $Y_t$, and $Z_t$ that are dependent of each other, and I have the time series data of those variables from replicated experiments. The stochastic dynamics look quite ...
822 views

### What is difference between white objects and transparent objects as far as photons are concerned?

Transparent materials let photons through because the energy gap of electron is so large that the photons cannot be absorbed. If the material absorbs a photon, the photon disappears; does this mean ...
237 views

### The speed limit is with respect to what?

As I understand, an object with mass cannot reach the speed of light because its (relativistic) mass increases "exponentially" as it approaches light speed. So there is a relation between mass and ...
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### How does information about charges propagate through the electromagnetic field

I understand how the wave equation works, and therefore how light moves through the EMF; this question is not about that mechanism. But when a charge moves in space, information about its location ...
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### Is it possible that galaxies' redshift is caused by something else than the expansion of space?

I was thinking that maybe photons loss energy naturally when they travel great distances. Or maybe the mass of all matter is increasing over time and therefore photons emitted in the past are ...
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### A photon travels in space for 10 billion years. What are the odds it will arrive here without interacting with a atom on the way?

Space isn't a perfect vacuum and I wonder how an image of a galaxy can travel billions of years without becoming diffused by photon collisions with space matter?
234 views

### Do magnets redshift light?

Do magnets redshift light? Suppose we have an extremely powerful magnet (say the size of the Sun) and we have a smaller paramagnetic material above it (say. Titanium Brick which is ...
My question is specifically about how to use sources? For an interacting theory with one field, one puts a $J(x)\phi(x)$ term in the exponential in the path integral for $W[J]$. I now have two ...
In a German Wikipedia page, the following calculation for the temperature on the surface of the Sun is made: $\sigma=5.67*10^{-8}\frac{W}{m^2K^4}$ (Stefan-Boltzmann constant) $S = 1367\frac{W}{m^2}$ ...