# All Questions

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### Holomorphic coupling as a source for gaugino condensation

On the top of page 23 of hep-th/03061119, it is pointed out that treating the holomorphic gauge coupling $\tau$ as a background (spurion) superfield allows one to think of its $F$-term, $F_\tau$ as ...
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### What properties make a good barrier for microwave (oven) radiation?

Suppose I have plenty of food I want to heat (which will provide load) in the microwave, and one item I don't want to heat. What properties would make a material a a good shield, to reduce or prevent ...
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### Superposition of Ricci scalars [closed]

Suppose I have two point/line singularities in spacetime (what is important to me is that they are localized). Also suppose I have some fields in spacetime and that the two singularities interact with ...
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### Correlated three-particle Green Function

I know the relationship between normal and correlated two-particle Green Functions for fermions: $$G_c(1,2,3,4)=\Gamma(1,2,3,4)=G(1,2,3,4)+G(1,3)G(2,4)-G(1,4)G(2,3)$$ Also known as irreducible ...
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### Lethality of sounds and extreme “loudness”

In theory, could pure sound be lethal? How loud would it have to be? Also, which events are the loudest in the universe, and how loud are they? I'm confining attention to events which occur regularly, ...
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### Spaceship split near event horizon

Lets say there's two astronauts, Alice and Bob, going on a space trip to a super-massive black hole. So large that they wouldn't notice any significant spaghettification forces at the event horizon. ...
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### Is the speed of light related to the mass of the universe?

If the mass of the universe were cut in half, would it affect the speed of light? Would it be twice as fast? Would it stay the same? Do we have instruments that are sensitive enough to measure the ...
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### Are there real life applications for Hausdorff dimensions, specifically crack formations?

I was curios about Hausdorff dimensions. They seem to neatly describe rough surfaces. So I was wondering if there are common applications of Hausdorff dimensions in things like complicated friction ...
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### Reachable area of cannonball given fixed initial speed [closed]

The trajectory of a cannonball fired from the origin with initial speed $v_0$ at an angle $\theta$ is given by $$y = x\tan\theta - \frac{g}{2v_0^2 \cos^2\theta}x^2.$$ For fixed $v_0$, at what angle ...
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### EM Waves Energy Loss

Where does the energy go when two photons interfere destructively at a point on a screen in Young's double slit experiment ?
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### Monte Carlo for Random Bond Ising ferromagnet

The set-up: Consider the Ising model on an $L \times L$ square lattice, where the coupling of each bond is chosen to be $+J$ (ferromagnetic) with probability $(1-p)$ and $-J$ (antiferromagnetic) with ...
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### Induced Current, Dipole Falling Under Gravity Towards Circular Loop [closed]

Suppose a magnetic dipole $\mathbf{m} = m \hat{z}$ is falling towards a circular loop of radius $b$ under gravity. Assuming the dipole always stays along the $z$-axis of the loop, determine the ...
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### What is the lowest possible theoretical temperature that nuclear fusion can occur at?

I am not talking about the pseudo-science of so called cold fusion I am interested in what temperature you can get away with to produce fusion reaction. I was thinking in terms of micro-fusion or at ...
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### Impact parameter in scattering process

Let's consider classical two body scattering process. Is the impact parameter the same in the laboratory and inertial frame of references?
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### Relation between Higgs boson and force of gravitation

I don't know and I can't handle it. I am so much curious about the recent discoveries in science. European Space Agency and NASA are doing great work. Hats up to these institutions. My nights are ...
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### Order = Energy = Mass?

Here is a following problem I encountered when chatting about physics with my friend: Let us imagine a classical example of ordered state of matter in thermodynamic sense: let's take a cylinder ...
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### Are gravitational time dilation and the time dilation in special relativity independent?

There are two kinds of time dilation: One because the other clock moves fast relative to me (special relativity). Another one because the other clock is in a stronger gravitational field (general ...
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### What lifting mechanism is likely to have the best energy recovery ratio? [closed]

Suppose I was designing an apparatus which needed to lift 250kg 5cm high, hold it there for a few seconds, and then lower the object back to the original height. Such a process would need to be ...
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### Capacitors discharging in series [duplicate]

If you connect positive plate of a charged capacitor to ground, it doesn't get discharged. Now consider $4$ capacitors of equal capacitance connected in series to a $10\, \mathrm{V}$ battery. Connect ...
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### How does one subtract two light beams?

From what I understand, it seems like you can only "add" beams together. You can use a beam combiner, basically using a beam splitter in reverse, to combine two beams. In homodyne detection, you use a ...
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### Firewall's grandfather paradox

See What are cosmological "firewalls"?. Alice is in freefall in her spacecraft just above the horizon of a gigantic black hole. She measures whether or not the near modes of the horizon ...
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### Why doesn't the firewall argument also apply to far away ingoing modes?

Gidom Mera's answer at http://physics.stackexchange.com/a/45511 is illuminating, but on closer analysis, it brings up further puzzles. Backscattering works in both directions. Let's see what we get ...
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### References for ADM formalism and cosmological perturbation theory [closed]

What would you consider the best online resources for learning the 3+1 ADM formalism and gauge invariant perturbation theory in cosmology? (Assuming intermediate level GR and QFT familiarity)
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### How many particles are created in the strong electromagnetic field?

Consider a vacuum of charged massless scalar field. Then the uniform and isotropic electric field $E$ is turned on for a time interval $\tau$. The question is, how many scalar particles are created? ...
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### How do we measure the range of distant objects despite relativistic effects?

When we observe astronomical objects like distant galaxies there are several complicating factors for estimating the distance: Relativistic speed result in length contraction Relativistic speed ...
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### Colliding bubbles in hyperspace

Assuming the following A universe is the surface from a bubble in hyperspace. Inside a bubble there is nothing, only the surface represents a universe. The size of the bubble is time. Dark matter ...
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### Does the strong (nuclear) force ever contribute to decay?

Does the strong (nuclear) force ever contribute to decay ? Or is the weak nuclear force the only decaying force ?
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### Emitting gravitational radiation

Is the following true: Two massive bodies with variable distance between them do not emit GR in any direction Two bodies that revolve around common center will not emit in the plane of their orbits ...
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### Spacetime and Timelike Intervals

The difference between a “timelike” spacetime interval and a “spacelike” spacetime interval can be understood in the following way: If the spacetime interval between two events is timelike, there ...
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### Ground state energies with fermions of same spin?

Consider two non-interacting Fermions (half-integer spin) confined in a 'box'. Construct the anti-symmetric wavefunctions and compare the corresponding ground-state energies of the two systems; ...
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### Does a microwave resonantly excite the rotational levels when cooking?

Wikipedia states there is no resonance absorption, but says at the same time that the molecules are oscillating like dipoles, which is kind of the same if you are exciting the rotational levels ? The ...
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### Literature request for books / review papers on gravitation, gauge theories and related mathematics [duplicate]

Similar to this reference, are there more such references / works [including textbooks] available in the literature? (A list would be greatly welcomed and appreciated.) With great appreciation.
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### Problem involving Dirac's equation

I'm stuck in an equation derivation of Ryder's QFT book. Starting with Dirac's equation: $$(i\gamma^\mu\partial_\mu-m)\psi=0$$ If I multiply by $i\gamma^\nu\partial_\nu$, I get: ...
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### Error calculation with linear regression

I am trying to determine the boltzmann constant by using a bipolar junction transistor. In my circuit (apparently I don't have enough point to join a image sorry), the Ebers and Moll model gives the ...
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### Integer physics

Are there interesting (aspects of) problems in modern physics that can be expressed solely in terms of integer numbers? Bonus points for quantum mechanics.
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### The status / acceptance of block time?

What is the current status or acceptance of block time as it relates to Einstein's theory of relativity? Has quantum mechanics ruled it out or is it still the favored view of the world? Perhaps there ...
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### Shock Rarefaction Interaction

I am interested to see/know if there exist analytical solutions for shock/rarefaction interaction. A rarefaction wave catches up from behind to a shock wave. The shock will decay and the motion will ...
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### Determining the length of a Torsional Pendulum

Currently working on this question, however I'm not sure how to solve it. As a pendulum swings in simple harmonic motion at the surface of the Earth, the angle the pendulum makes relative to its ...
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### How can I determine the type of magnet used in a DC motor?

I repair electrical motors in a workshop and sometimes I must repair permanent magnet DC motors and other motors that use permanent magnets. I need to specify type of permanent magnet (Ferrite or ...
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### Concentration of Proteins

You release a billion protein molecules at position $x = 0$ in the middle of a narrow capillary test tube. The molecules’ diffusion constant is $10^{−6} \ cm^2 s^{−1}$. An electric field pulls ...
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### How would you detect Hawking radiation?

Hawking theorized that a black hole must radiate and therefore lose mass (Hawking radiation). According to classical relativity though, nothing can escape a black hole, the hawking radiation would ...
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### Why do focal lengths affect magnification?

For compound lenses, the image formed by first lens acts as the imaginaryobject for the second lens. In telescopes, the objective lens projects an image on its focal point which works as the object ...
### Homotopy $\pi_4(SU(2))=\mathbb{Z}_2$
Recently I read a paper using $$\pi_4(SU(2))=\mathbb{Z}_2.$$ Do you have any visualization or explanation of this result? More generally, how do physicists understand or calculate high dimension ...