# All Questions

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### Poynting Vector for a Laser

How do you calculate the Poynting vector for a laser given it's power? I know for a sphere you can just take the power, and divide it by 4$\pi R^2$, but I don't know what I would do for a laser. Would ...
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### Material implementations of the holographic principle

I'm afraid this question is a little too open-ended, but bear with me while I find a better formulation. carbon allotropes (like fullerenes and graphene) are regular patterned. Conduction bands of ...
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### why F is to be defined as ma?

First, I would like to apology for my lousy English used here, as being a non-native english speaker, I am currently using Classical Mechanics as a tool to learn how to construct a theory as an end. ...
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### When does a planet become a star?

How big can a gas giant become before it's considered a star? How does the theoretical maximum compare the observed maximum?
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### Are there rogue planets between Sun and Proxima Centauri?

Would we be able to detect (via emitted radiation, or its gravity) a rogue planet between us and Proxima Centauri? How big would that planet need to be?
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### Has a system of natural units been designed for human-like scales?

A long time ago I was thinking about how the Imperial system of measurements is arbitrary and annoying, and I decided to design the best system of units ever (I wasn't very old then). I worked on this ...
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### Conservation of linear momentum magnitude along a trajectory

I was once criticized for "taking angular momentum as momentum going in a circle". I was loosely trying to state, in classical mechanics, that in using conservation of momentum, one can switch between ...
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### Does the sun's bearing at a given time vary, and if so, how?

More an astronomy question, but Physics is the closest stack exchange category I could find and Google doesn't have the answer. Granted, the sun's elevation changes for a given time of day throughout ...
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### Does FTL signaling allow signaling in the past at the cost of arbitrary precision?

In a recent paper (http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-30870-3_53#page-1), G. Szekely and P.Nemeti wrote the following. Let us consider two reference frames A and B initially, at event ...
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### Space translation of operators, states, and particle densities

In Sidney Coleman's Lectures he talked about space translations such that $$\tag{1} e^{ia P}\rho(x) e^{-ia P} ~=~ \rho(x-a),$$ but when I expanded the exponentials and used the commutation relation ...
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### How to calculate the binding energy of electron of hydrogen atom by using uncertainty principle? [duplicate]

How to calculate the binding energy of an electron of hydrogen atom using uncertainty principle?
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### Degenerate electron gas state

What is degenerate in degenerate electron gas state? Why is it called degenerate?
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### Why is a hard sphere gas correlated?

In stat mech we calculated the radial distribution function (a.k.a. pair correlation function) for a classical gas by using perturbation theory for the BBGKY hierarchy. (I could post more details of ...
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### Is entanglement necessary for quantum computation?

Is entanglement necessary for quantum computation? If there was no error in the computation,superposition of states would be sufficient for quantum computation to be carried out.Is this right?
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### Does resistance in second circuit changes in transformed circuit?

Let $V_1$, $I_1$, $R_1$ and $V_2$, $I_2$, $R_2$ be voltages, currents, resistance in first, second circuit. And we assume $R_1=R_2$, $I_1\neq I_2$. The conservation of electrical power ...
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### Polar ice caps and thermal radiation

I was reading an article on global warming and it said that the polar ice caps, because they are white, reflect a lot of the sun's radiation. The article also has a picture of some houses in England ...
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### Is $Q=CV$ still acceptable formular on the capacitor charged by the transformed circuit?

Assume there is a 100V to 1000V transformer and the capacitor connected in the second circuit.(You know, transformers have two circuits) The second circuit's voltage is 1000V, but the amount current ...
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### What does the Froude number represent?

While reading on Wikipedia, I read the following The Froude number is defined as: $$\mathrm{Fr} = \frac{v}{c}$$ where $v$ is a characteristic velocity, and $c$ is a characteristic water ...
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### What techniques can be used to prove that a spacetime is not asymptotically flat?

The modern coordinate-indepenent definition of asymptotic flatness was introduced by Geroch in 1972. You can find presentations in Wald 1984 and Townsend 1997. The definition is in terms of existence ...
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### Fine-Tuning, the Hiearchy Problem, and Mass in the Standard Model

In Chapter 1 of his book String Theory in a Nutshell, Kiritsis states the following. The [Standard M]odel is unstable as we increase the energy (hierarchy problem of mass scales) and the theory ...
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### Is there a better alternative to assuming $a=0$ and then calculating acceleration? (Exam question: radiated energy after Coulomb scattering)

My classmates and I are having some debate about how to solve this problem which came up on one of our comprehensive exams. A full, step-by-step solution is not needed, an outline is enough. A ...
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### Can single DC 1.5V battery generates 1500 Watts power?

Suppose there is a DC $1.5\mathrm{V}$ battery connected with $1.5\times10^{-3}\mathrm{\Omega}$ resistor. Then the amount of circuit current is $I=V/R=10^3\mathrm{A}$. (according to Ohm's law) I know ...
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### Why does a ball bounce forever?

In short: Do bouncing balls keep bouncing forever? If not, does it have to do more with energy than velocity? Learner.org: Energy If energy is conserved, why do bouncing balls, ...
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### Modeling Acoustic Lubrication

I thought about posting this question in the Biology StackExchange site but really it is just the application of my question that applies to biology not the core of the question itself. Can anyone ...
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### The magnetic field of a magnetic monopole

Let us define the magnetic field $$\vec{B} = g\frac{\vec{r}}{r^3}$$ for some constant $g$. How can we show that the divergence of this field correspond to the charge distribution of a single magnetic ...
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### How to theoretically determine the angular momentum of an atom?

To determine if an atom is a boson or a fermion I have to count the fermions that constitute the atom (protons, neutrons and electrons). My question is: How to theoretically (as opposed to ...
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### Is there a fundamental limit to the temporal resolution of signals from space?

In Earth-based experiments, we can measure phenomenon very rapidly in an experiment given appropriate equipment. Clearly if something takes a long exposure to see (due to a weak signal), then the ...
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### Projectile motion of a charged particle in a homogeneous electric field

I'm reading an article about projectile motion, but I'm having some trouble with how the author found the equations of motion when a homogeneous electric field is considered. To allow an immediate ...
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### A naive look at the band of stability suggests a stable isotope of every element. Why is this intuition false?

Looking at the band of stability, my first intuition is to conclude (erroneously) that there is a stable isotope of every element that lies close to the belt of stability. Why is this false? (For ...
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### Pauli matrices identities

There are some definitions and properties for Pauli matrices and their combinations:  \varepsilon^{\alpha \beta } = \varepsilon^{\dot {\alpha} \dot {\beta} } = \begin{pmatrix} 0 & 1 \\ -1 & ...
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### Power Delivered By An Electromagnetic Wave Versus Power Delivered By A Transmission Line

Background Electromagnetic Waves As I understand it, an electromagnetic wave, like any other wave, is capable of delivering power from a source to a destination. To quantify how much power is ...
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### pendulum is a inertial frame of reference or non inertial frame of reference? [closed]

Example of pendulum is inertial frame of reference or non inertial frame of reference? because if pendulum starts moving its continuously moves without changing there period of time but is changes its ...
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### Vacuum energy extraction: What happens to the cosmological constant?

If the vacuum energy is extracted, then what will happen to the cosmological constant? Will it remain the same? .
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### Necessary condition for square integrable functions?

I'm studying Quantum Mechanics and I came across this which I don't quite understand: For a vector space of functions $f(x)$ to be square integrable (i.e $\int{|f(x)|^2dx < \infty)}$, the necessary ...
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### Dimension analysis in Derrick theorem

The following image is taken from p. 85 in the textbook Topological Solitons by N. Manton and P.M. Sutcliffe: What I don't understand from the above statement: why $e(\mu)$ has minimum ...
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### Nuclear reactions and energy conservation

How are nuclear fission and fusion compatible with the law of conservation of energy? During fission $He$ splits into 2 hydrogen atoms along with enormous amount of heat energy and hydrogen also ...
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### Differential Equations - Waves (Physics self-study suggestions) [closed]

I apologize ahead of time, in case this post is not allowed. After taking a few courses at a community college, I've taken the fall 2013 semester off (I was accepted into a university for the spring ...