# All Questions

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### Reconciling Units in Classical System Analogies: Why Does Torque Have Units of Energy?

In classical physics we often cast an analogy between translational and rotational systems Force < > Torque Energy < > Rotational Energy Momentum < > Angular Momentum and considering SI ...
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### A paradoxical equation in RNS string fermionic part

It is well known for RNS string, $i.e.$, worldsheet supersymmetry formalism, the open string NS sector has worldsheet fermion expansion: \psi^{\mu}_{\pm} = \frac{1}{\sqrt 2} \sum_{r ...
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### Why is the limit to observe quantum phenomena $k_B T < \hbar \omega_0$ in cavity QED?

In cavity QED you have to cool down the appartus so that quantum effects may be observed in a way that $k_B T < \hbar \omega_0$. I suppose that $\omega_0$ here means the frequency which the cavity ...
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### Magnetic field of magnetic screwdriver?

I wanted to know what is the typical strength of the magnetic field generated by the tip of a magnetic screwdriver, but couldn't find it anywhere on the manufacturers' webpages. So I was wondering, ...
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### Why is voltage multiplied when batteries are connected in series but not in parallel?

As i understand, the different voltage between two object is caused by the total different charged between two object. Thus, the higher extra electron between two opposite charged object, the higher ...
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### Why do corn flakes clump together in milk when stirred? [duplicate]

The Cheerios Effect is the name the scientific community has given to this phenomenon. When cornflakes or oats are mixed with milk and stirred, they tend to clump together. Why does this happen? Can ...
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### Non-invariance of the Interaction term in QED lagrangian

The interaction term in the QED Lagrangian $$\mathcal{L}_{int}=e\bar\psi\gamma^\mu A_\mu\psi$$ changes under a gauge transformation $$A_\mu\rightarrow A_\mu+\partial_\mu\chi$$ Doesn’t it affect the ...
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### 1D Infinite Square Box Discrete Energy levels but Continous Momenta?

In the 1d particle in the box the energy of the particle should be completely determined by the momentum of the particle that you observe correct? So how can you have discrete energy levels and a ...
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### What's the difference between insulators and topological insulators?

What's the difference between insulators and topological insulators? When I asked some people about this, they told me that "because the topological insulators have gapless edge states,...", but what ...
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### Sum of energy for 2 solids in rotation

I would like to compute the sum of energy of the following case: Two solids are turning (disks). Yellow solid is turning at $w1 rd/s$ around its center of gravity and blue solid is turning at ...
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### Speed of sound and Break the sound barrier

What happens when plane exceeds the speed of sound? and What is the interpretation of the conical shape that appears behind the plane?
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### Recommend books on thermodynamics [duplicate]

I want to take on thermo I will be analysing boilers, gas cycles ,ic engines etc. I want to Analyse all of these by using the basic laws gof thermo on my own (if i could) .I have cengel boles book and ...
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### Metal with the biggest positive and negative charge per atom (ion)

Which metal has the highest positive and negative charge per atom? i know that Arsenic can have a positive charge of +5 and negative charge of -3 but is there any metals that can have more electric ...
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### What are the different types of beam splitters? [on hold]

I want to know the differences in the various types of beamsplitters, especially amongst the following types: Polarizing Beam Splitter Non-Polarizing Beam Splitter Plate Beam Splitter Pellicle Beam ...
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### Accelerating disk [on hold]

A disk of radius $R$ is accelerating to the right over a plane. At $t=0$ the speed and the acceleration of the axle are $v_1$ and $a_1$ what is the velocity and the acceleration of each point (1-4 ...
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### Is it possible to build an ion thruster jetpack already? [on hold]

s it possible to build an ion thruster jetpack already? If not, what are the current challenges?
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### Example of a state which is positive but its partial transpose is not positive

Could any one give me an example of a state whose density matrix is positive semidefinnite but partial transpose is not positive semidefinnite?
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### Loop quantum gravity- is the critical density sufficient to form a 'black hole'?

I think in loop quantum gravity the rate of expansion of the universe is found from: $H^2=\frac{8\pi G}{3}\rho\left(1-\frac{\rho}{\rho_c}\right)$ And I was wondering whether the critical density ...
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### How to calcuate uniform circular motion? [on hold]

Given: Ideally, I maintain a speed of 265km/hr and 285 km/hr. Roughly, 73.6 m/s and 79m/s. I make a turn and experience around 4.5g's to 5.5g's, roughly 45 and 55 m/s^2, for about 7 seconds. I ...
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### how to find whether molecules will absorb radiation of a particular wavelength or not?

I am trying to understand vertical temperature profile of Earth's atmosphere. We know that different frequencies get absorbed by molecules at certain heights. I want to show this mathematically. For ...
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### Catapult projectile with different mass [on hold]

We have a physics law. We made catapult and we have to launch a water balloon. However before that we have to know where the water balloon will fall. We don't have radars or stuff like that to ...
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### Finding voltage drop in series parallel [on hold]

In this problem, I am asked to find the voltage drop for $R_3$. We are given that the current for one of the branches is 0.55 mA. I am somewhat familiar with Kirchoff's Law for currents and Kirchoff's ...
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### How Earth protected from the gamma rays generated by Sun?

Sun is generating energy by nuclear fusion. And nuclear fusion will emit energy in the form of gamma rays. Normally earth's ozone filtering the Ultraviolet radiation. And magnetic fields of earth ...
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### Scintillator Length Calculations

This is sorta homeworkish, yet it still relates to my understanding of the physics behind it as well. Does anyone know how you determine t_98 (aka the length to contain 98% of the energy) for a ...