# All Questions

3k views

### Heat Exchanger Calculation

I have a tank of oil at 55 degrees c. I plan to run a copper pipe 8mm in diameter (1mm thickness) into a coil 15m long inside the tank. For all purposes of assumption, the copper pipe is perfectly ...
699 views

### Cosmology constant as a negative pressure?

It seems a positive cosmology constant behaves like a negative pressure. However, the positive cosmology constant cause a expanding universe. So I am puzzling about this: A negative pressure cause a ...
68 views

### heavy nuclei surface exposed to positron gas

Suppose there is a material with heavy nuclei attached on its surface, presumably binded by the outer shell electrons. Now, the surface is exposed to a cold positron gas, which annihilates against ...
228 views

### Does a magnetic field have gravity?

Re-reading http://physics.stackexchange.com/a/33156/5265; I find myself thinking if light, being EM in the humanly visible spectrum, may possess gravity - does a magnetic field also possess gravity?
327 views

### Taylor series for unitary operator in Weinberg

On page 54 of Weinberg's QFT I, he says that an element $T(\theta)$ of a connected Lie group can be represented by a unitary operator $U(T(\theta))$ acting on the physical Hilbert space. Near the ...
94 views

### Are metal modes mixed with molecular modes during surface enhanced Raman effect?

This question is dedicated to Martin Fleischmann (1927-2012). When a molecule is adsorbed on a metal surface, the Raman scattering amplitude from the molecule is enhanced. According to Wikipedia, the ...
2k views

### Rigged Hilbert space and QM

Are there any comprehensive texts that discuss QM using the notion of rigged Hilbert spaces? It would be nice if there were a text that went through the standard QM examples using this structure.
181 views

### Relation between electric charge and gauge parameter of the moduli space of monopoles

I am studying about the moduli space of a 2 monopole system from Harvey's notes, and Manton's paper. In both of these, (Harvey section 6.2), after constructing the Lagrangian for a two dyons system, ...
12k views

### Bound States in a Double Delta Function Potential [closed]

Let $V(x) = −u \delta(x) - v \delta(x − a)$ where $u, v > 0$ correspond to a potential with two $\delta$ wells. Let $v > u$. If $a$ is very large, there is certainly a bound state: the particle ...
239 views

### Force in tetrahedron edges

I am looking for a formula that enables me to calculate the force in a tetrahedron edge such that it relates $F_b$ with $F_z$ through the beam thickness and length. I have the following assumptions: ...
356 views

### What's the difference between the equivalence principle and curvature of spacetime?

Calculating using the equivalence principle only accounts for half the deflection of light, whereas the other half is from curvature of space-time. But isn't the equivalence principle the same thing ...
187 views

### Minimal Maxwell's Demon

I would like to understand where the waste heat is generated in the Maxwell's demon problem. To this end I've come up with the simplest scenario I can think of. If my scenario is workable I am hoping ...
845 views

### Setting up equations for a Rotational Kinematics system

I'm having a hard time setting up equations for the following problem: A green hoop with mass $m_h$ and radius $r_h$ m hangs from a string that goes over a blue solid disk pulley with mass $m_d$ ...
990 views

### Dirac equation as Hamiltonian system

Let us consider Dirac equation $$(i\gamma^\mu\partial_\mu -m)\psi ~=~0$$ as a classical field equation. Is it possible to introduce Poisson bracket on the space of spinors $\psi$ in such a way that ...
504 views

### Extending General Relativity with Kahler Manifolds?

Standard general relativity is based on Riemannian manifolds. However, the simplest extension of Riemannian manifolds seems to be Kahler manifolds, which have a complex (hermitian) structure, a ...
251 views

### Understanding Work and the conservation of energy

We have a car with a mass of $780 kg$ with travels with a speed of $50 km/h$. The car brakes and after $4,2m$ is stops completely. Warmth is created. Calculate the friction. I solved this easily, by ...
2k views

### Does high entropy means low symmetry?

According to Bogolubov postulate (various texts name it differently) in Non-equilibrium thermodynamics, the number of needed parameters to describe our system is decreasing with time, and finally at ...
76 views

### Is the geometric formulation of Hamiltonian mechanics really necessary? [duplicate]

Possible Duplicate: Why is the symplectic manifold version of Hamiltonian mechanics used in Newtonian mechanics? I was sitting around with some friends the other day trying to come up with ...
186 views

516 views

### Trying to link Eulerian and Lagrangian perturbations

I'm trying to make sense of the link between a (linear) Eulerian (i.e., at a given point) and Lagrangian (following a fluid element) perturbation. I will here express not only where I'm stuck, but ...
821 views

### How accelerometers sense constant velocity movements

There is something I don't understand about accelerometers. I know it's possible to make an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) by using "three" accelerometers. So with that, I could calculate the $x$, ...
592 views

6k views

### Wheatstone bridge galvanometer error

We had to measure the resistance of $R_x$, we balanced the Wheatstone bridge and did calculations. My question is: we didn't include galvanometer error into calculations. Why is that? I read that it's ...
177 views

### How does the specific frequency of EM Radiation relate to displacing electrons from their orbits?

I've only a general grasp on how all this works, so it could be I'm asking this poorly or misunderstanding what happens. With that said: The energy of EM radiation is a function of its frequency. ...
769 views

### Why do non-stick frying pans work?

Modern non-stick frying pans use a mixture of titanium and ceramic that is sandblasted onto the pan surface, and then fired to 2,000 °C (according to Wikipedia). Can anyone explain (at the molecular ...
110 views

### Determine when a light is going into the object [closed]

Please look at this image: (http://mypages.iit.edu/~smart/acadyear/refract.gif) How can I determine when light is going into the object? Actually, if there is, what is the simplest way to ...
784 views

I'm trying to understand how an antenna is able to understand, but have a few quesions: I understand that for an antenna to distinguish between 2 (or more) signals, they have to be in different ...
547 views

### Translations of field operators in QFT

A question in the book QFT of Srednicki: This concerns the relativistic QFT generalization $$\tag{2.21} {{e}^{-i\hat{P}x/\hbar}}\psi (0){{e}^{i\hat{P}x/\hbar}}~=~\psi (x)$$ of the formula ...
1k views

### Does the volume of a thermodynamic system always have to change for it to do work?

Does the volume of a thermodynamic system always have to change for it to do work? If yes,could you explain why? And if no, could you provide the example of a system, where it is not neccesary.
3k views

### Spring-mass system with two springs and three masses [closed]

I'm trying to solve a system of springs and masses that is confusing me. First, the balls are all lined up linearly. Secondly, the ball in the middle has a smaller mass $m$ while the first and last ...
3k views

### What constitutes an observation/measurement in QM?

Fundamental notions of QM have to do with observation, a major example being The Uncertainty Principle. What is the technical definition of an observation/measurement? If I look at a QM system, it ...
2k views

### Minkowski diagram, hyperbola and invariant quantity of relativity

I have heard of the invariant quantity $\Delta s$ in relativity for which I have stumbled upon an equation $\Delta s^2 = \Delta x^2 - c \Delta t^2$. This reminds me of hyperbola, which has general ...
233 views

### Is there a good summary of all nuclear fusion approaches?

I am pretty sure, that during last 60 years of well-funded research a lot of ideas on nuclear fusion were already tried and ruled out. Is there some summary describing all of them and why they ...
755 views

### Renormalization of field strength

I'm revisiting the elementary algorithms of renormalization that are taught in a classroom setting and find that the procedure taught to students is as follows: Write down the bare Lagrangian: ...
35k views

### Why does electricity flowing through a copper coil generate a magnetic field?

Can some one please explain to me why electricity flowing though a copper coil generates a magnetic field or where I could possibly find that information? Are there other materials that produce a ...