# All Questions

15k views

### The relation between permittivity and conductivity

I am able to measure relative permittivity $\varepsilon_r$ of a fluid, and I want to calculate conductivity of same fluid. Can anyone suggest me how to do this? I found one formula to calculate ...
1k views

### Which quantity gives the resistance of a component?

In a current vs potential difference graph, we can obtain the value of the resistance of the component. There are books that say gradient-inverse is the resistance and also books that say the value of ...
1k views

### How is a one position shift of an interferometer fringe pattern defined?

When Michelson and Morley conducted their 1887 interferometer experiment, they were expecting a fringe pattern shift of 0.4 (see the chart at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelson-Morley_experiment). ...
212 views

364 views

### Understanding multiple instanton contributions to vacuum tunneling in a double potential well

I'm trying to understand the method of calculating the transition probability of one vacuum state to another in a double well potential, using instantons. The reference I am following is Sidney ...
929 views

### Maximum angular velocity to stop in one rotation with a known torque

I have an object I can rotate with a given torque. I would like to stop applying torque once I've reached a defined maximum rotational speed. The maximum rotational speed should be defined so that ...
964 views

### Is velocity of light constant? [duplicate]

There is a difference between the concept of the speed of light and the velocity of light. are both of them constant ($dc=0$ and $dv_c=0$)? if yes, why?.
282 views

### What exactly is implied by Einstein's insight in this scene from the NOVA series “$E=mc^2$ Einstein's Big Idea?” [closed]

In the documentary movie "$E=mc^2$ Einstein's Big Idea?", the narrator says "Einstein had a monumental insight", when Einstein and his close friend were looking at the clock towers in the city. ...
964 views

### Can a hybrid vehicle ever be more efficient than a hydrocarbon-only vehicle built with the same parts?

Based on the laws of thermodynamics, shouldn't it be theoretically impossible for a non plug-in hybrid vehicle to ever be more fuel-efficient than a vehicle that connects the same engine directly to ...
3k views

### How is the energy of an electron-shell related to the speed of electrons in that shell?

I am trying to gain an intuitive picture of what is referred to by "electron-shell energy". I have read that outer electron shells have higher energy than inner electron shells, and this seemed to ...