# All Questions

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### Semi-major axis and ellipticity of a binary system?

In the image below (source at bottom), it seems to be suggesting that $$a = a_{1} + a_{2}, \hspace{8cm}(1)$$ where $a_{1}$ and $a_{2}$ are the semi-major axis of the ...
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### Quantum graph theory: complex spectra

In quantum graph theory, what are the properties of a given graph to own complex conjugated complex eigenvalues, either finite or infinite? Spectral graph theory is as far as I know a not completely ...
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### Spectral properties of CFT

What are the general spectral properties of CFT? I mean what is the "spectrum"/eigenvalues of CFT in 2d and d>2 spacetime dimensions? I understand the "spectrum" and "Fock space" realization of Dirac ...
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### What happens at the interface between two universes with opposite thermodynamic arrows of time? [closed]

I was trying to think but cannot figure it out. For instance, if the interaction is small, for instance limited to a windows, the observers in each universe will see that the other goes in reverse. ...
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### Relation of the Bloch-Siegert shift to the rotating pot lid

I see in Wikipedia that the Bloch-Siegert shift is analogies to the rotating pot lid, could you explain that analogy? The Bloch-Siegert shift is a phenomenon in quantum physics that becomes ...
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### How does a star ignite?

I remember reading that X-Rays are generated by 'braking' electrons in a Coolidge tube. Is it fundamentally a matter that the extreme gravity immediately before a star ignites is so strong that it ...
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### Could some design of a propeller be used in both air and water?

Propellers in water are smaller in diameter. They also move more slowly. On the other hand, aircraft propellers are larger in diameter, have narrower blades and operate at very high speeds. An ...
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### Analytical solution of two level system driving by a sinusoidal potential beyond rotating wave approximation

A quantum mechanical two-level system driving by a constant sinusoidal external potential is very useful in varies areas of physics. Although the wildly used rotating-wave approximation(RWA) is very ...
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### Photon as the carrier of the electromagnetic force

My physics background goes as "far" as reading popsci books on QM, Particle Physics, and Cosmology so pardon my ignorance in the below questions. I've read that the photon is the particle (quanta in ...
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### A sphere, a simple object?

In this video, the woman says that a sphere is a pretty simple object. What intrigues me is the use of a sphere for such a calculation. First of all, the sphere wouldn't be perfect as a perfect sphere ...
406 views

### English translation of Helmholtz' paper: “On the Physical Significance of the Principle of Least Action”

I am asking about an English translation of a Helmholtz paper: Ueber die physikalische Bedeutung des Princips der kleinsten Wirkung. Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik (Crelle's ...
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### How do we know that light is massless? [duplicate]

Almost everybody knows that light is massless. But where this come from and how it can be proven (experimentally or theoretically)? I actually found this article which explains and calculates the mass ...
538 views

### Simple harmonic oscillator system and changes in its total energy

Suppose I have a body of mass $M$ connected to a spring (which is connected to a vertical wall) with a stiffness coefficient of $k$ on some frictionless surface. The body oscillates from point $C$ to ...
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### Can virtual image be photographed

Is there any instrument that can photograph a virtal image? How would such a device work?
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### Can acceleration feel like constant gravity for indefinitely long?

So here's the setup: I'm in a spaceship, without windows as always, and the ship is accelerating upwards at a constant rate of $1\,\text{g}$. So inside the spaceship it feels like I'm being pulled ...
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### Why the direction of dipole moment is from negative charge to positive charge?

An electric dipole moment is defined as $p = q\times 2d$. How to understand it physically? Why the direction of the electric dipole moment is from negative charge to positive charge?
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### Is there any example where electric and magnetic fields are not perpendicular?

Perpendicular electric and magnetic field creates light or other electromagnetic waves. Is it a necessary property to have a perpendicular fields? If not what would happen when the fields are not ...
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### Utilizing maximum acceleration $a$ for displacement $d$ with initial velocity $v_0$ and final velocity $v_1$

Problem My goal is to move an object from point a to b (displacement $d$) as fast as possible utilizing the maximum available acceleration $a_{max}$, taking into account the initial velocity $v_0$ ...
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### Sommerfeld results & van Hove singularities

According to Sommerfeld the derivative of the density of states $g'(\varepsilon)$ apears in several thermodynamic quantities. Will this also be the case if one use the correct dispersion relation of ...
669 views

### Force required to move a fluid out of piston at depth

I have a cylinder filled with water in it at the bottom of the ocean. Say 100 meters down. In this cylinder is a piston that moves up and down. Its job is to squish the water out the bottom of the ...
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### What is the fundamental difference between ghost and auxiliary fields?

I am somehow confused by the notion of auxiliary fields, such as for example the fields $F$ and $D$ which appear in supersymmetry, and the notion of ghost fields which appear for example in the BRST ...
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### Strange Grassmann double integration

I can unterstand why because the integration over Grassman variables has to be translational invariant too, one has $$\int d\theta = 0$$ and $$\int d\theta \theta = 1$$ but I dont see where ...
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### Transformation law for fermionic measure in functional integral

I am reading the paper "Bosonization in a Two-Dimensional Riemann-Cartan Geometry", Il Nuovo Cimento B Series 11 11 Marzo 1987, Volume 98, Issue 1, pp 25-36, ...
207 views

### Can we derive the Schrödinger equation from the Klein-Gordon equation?

As we know that the Schrödinger equation presents basis of Quantum Mechanics and analogy with Newton second law in Classical Mechanics, I thought that relativistic interpretation of Schrödinger ...
2k views

### Phase shift of resonance [duplicate]

For resonance to occur, is it true that the force lags behind the motion by $\pi/2$? I saw some notes written that the motion lags behind the force by $\pi/2$ which makes no sense to me. As I watched ...
513 views

### What is paramagnetic current-current correlation?

I know what paramagnetism is. But first I want to know about the paramagnetic current and then the above-mentioned correlation? Actually, I am working on a paper on superconductivity where I have ...
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### Magnetic field-pulsed microwave transmission line

Here's the reference: The researchers showed that a magnetic field-pulsed microwave transmission line containing an array of superconducting quantum interference devices, or SQUIDs, not only ...
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### The issue on existence of inverse operations of $a$ and $a^{\dagger}$

I have asked a question at math.stackexchange that have a physical meaning. My assumption: Suppose $a$ and $a^\dagger$ is Hermitian adjoint operators and $[a,a^\dagger]=1$. I want to prove that ...
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### Mysterious spectra?

In my blog post Why riemannium? , I introduced the following idea. The infinite potential well in quantum mechanics, the harmonic oscillator and the Kepler (hygrogen-like) problem have energy spectra, ...
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### What happens to the $2\pi$ factor when calculating Raman-shifts in units of wavenumbers?

So from the classical theory, you find a formula for a dipole in a planar electromagnetic wave, where there will be two cosine terms with a frequency (actually angular velocity in $[rad/s]$, as the ...
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I have a question with which I am having trouble. A 71m radius curve is banked for a design speed of 91km/h. Given a coefficient of static friction of 0.32, what is the range of speeds in which a car ...
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### What temperatures can be reached in an air-to-air thermocompressor nozzle and why?

People are generally of the opinion that the boiler injector cannot be redesigned to run on air. In other words, an air-to-air thermocompressor that puts fresh air into a tank without a mechanical ...
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### Find temperature of surface (Blackbody Radiation) [closed]

An astronomer is trying to estimate the surface temperature of a star with a radius of $5 \times 10^8\ m$ by modeling it as an ideal blackbody. The astronomer has measured the intensity of ...