The variables used in general relativity to describe the shape of spacetime. If your question is about metric units, use the tag "units", and/or "si-units" if it is about the SI system specifically.
3
votes
1answer
86 views
Would this be a metric?
would a matrix $M$ with diagonal entries not necessarily equal 1, i.e. diag $M = (a,1,1,1)$ be a metric if $a \neq 1$ or $\neq 0$? I.e. in this case would this be like some sort of more general ...
3
votes
1answer
75 views
The most general form of the metric for a homogeneous, isotropic and static space-time
What is the most general form of the metric for a homogeneous, isotropic and static space-time?
For the first 2 criteria, the Robertson-Walker metric springs to mind. (I shall adopt the (-+++) ...
1
vote
1answer
59 views
Evaluating the Ricci tensor effectively
If given a metric of the form $$ds^2=\alpha^2(dr^2+r^2d\theta^2)$$ where $\alpha=\alpha(r)$, then can one immediately conclude that $$R_{\theta\theta}=r^2R_{rr}$$ where $R_{ab}$ is the Ricci tensor, ...
0
votes
0answers
33 views
metric extension outside the light cone
Could anyone explain what "extending the solution" beyond the past light cone means? Say, for example, if I have a metric (no coordinate singularities), how can I extend it to the outside of the past ...
3
votes
1answer
85 views
When a variation of a tensor is not a tensor?
In a comment about variation of metric tensor it was shown that
$$\delta g_{\mu\nu}=-g_{\mu\rho}g_{\nu\,\sigma}\delta g^{\rho\,\sigma}$$
which is contrary to the usual rule of lowering indeces of a ...
1
vote
1answer
32 views
What is the Lorentz tensor with a superscript and subscript index?
I have been reading about symmetries of systems' actions, e.g. the Polyakov action, and I have encountered Lorentz transformations of the form: $\Lambda^{\mu}_{\nu} X^{\nu}$. I am moderately familiar ...
0
votes
1answer
110 views
Christoffel symbol for Schwarzschild metric
I know that the christoffel (second kind) can be defined like this:
$$\Gamma^m_{ij} = \frac{1}{2} g^{mk}(\frac{\partial g_{ki}}{\partial U^j}+\frac{\partial g_{jk}}{\partial U^i}-\frac{\partial ...
3
votes
1answer
64 views
Derivation of the volume element (which uses the metric tensor)?
I have often seen $\sqrt{-g}$ in integrals, especially actions, where $g=\mathrm{det}(g_{\mu \nu})$. Does anyone know of a derivation that shows that this is indeed the volume element which must be ...
1
vote
1answer
51 views
Why vary the action with respect to the inverse metric?
Whenever I have read texts which employ actions that contain metric tensors, such as the Nambu-Goto, Polyakov or Einstein-Hilbert action, the equations of motion are derived by varying with respect to ...
1
vote
0answers
35 views
Null vector fields given Bondi metric
I'm trying to understand how to compute the null future-directed vector fields if I have a given (Bondi) metric
$g=-e^{2\nu}du^{2}-2e^{\nu+\lambda}dudr+r^{2}d\Omega$
with $d\Omega$-standard metric ...
0
votes
1answer
46 views
Parallel transport of a vector along a closed curve in curvilinear coordinates
There is an expression indicating the change of the vector parallel translation along a closed infinitesimal curve in curvilinear coordinates (one way of introducing curvature tensor):
$$
\Delta A_{k} ...
2
votes
1answer
73 views
Plane waves in QFT
Suppose we work in the metric $(-1,+1)$.
How do we describe an incoming particle with a plane wave; $\exp(-\mathrm ikx)$ or $\exp(+\mathrm ikx)$?
What's the difference?
Does it change if we work in ...
1
vote
2answers
89 views
Ricci tensor for a 3-sphere without Math packets
Let's have the metric for a 3-sphere:
$$
dl^{2} = R^{2}\left(d\psi ^{2} + sin^{2}(\psi )(d \theta ^{2} + sin^{2}(\theta ) d \varphi^{2})\right).
$$
I tried to calculate Riemann or Ricci tensor's ...
1
vote
0answers
49 views
Singularities in Schwarzchild space-time
Can anyone explain when a co-ordinate and geometric singularity arise in Schwarzschild space-time with the element
$$ ...
1
vote
0answers
98 views
How to calculate Riemann and Ricci tensors for a sphere? [closed]
Let's have the metric for a sphere:
$$
dl^{2} = R^{2}\left(d\psi ^{2} + sin^{2}(\psi )(d \theta ^{2} + sin^{2}(\theta ) d \varphi^{2})\right).
$$
I tried to calculate Riemann or Ricci tensor's ...
1
vote
0answers
25 views
How to prove the derive the expression for space part of Riemann tensor for homogeneous and isotropic space-time?
It's not a homework!!
For spheric, hyperbolic and flat case
$$
dl^{2} = R^{2}\left(d \psi^{2} + sin^{2}(\psi )(d \theta^{2} + sin^{2}(\theta )d \varphi^{2})\right),
$$
$$
dl^{2} = R^{2}\left(d ...
0
votes
1answer
38 views
Contraction of the metric tensor
This is perhaps a simple tensor calculus problem -- but I just can't see why...
I have notes (in GR) that contains a proof of the statement
In space of constant sectional curvature, $K$ is ...
1
vote
0answers
49 views
The interior of a cylinder as an Einstein manifold
The interior of a curved cylinder is an Einstein manifold (the Ricci Curvature Tensor is proportional to the Metric $R_{\mu\nu}=kg_{\mu\nu}$) since it has a constant curvature.
However, I was unable ...
7
votes
3answers
585 views
Why is the covariant derivative of the metric tensor zero?
I've consulted several books for the explanation of why
$$\nabla _{\mu}g_{\alpha \beta} = 0,$$
and hence derive the relation between metric tensor and affine connection $\Gamma ^{\sigma}_{\mu ...
4
votes
3answers
113 views
How scalar curvature of following spacetime can be equal to zero?
For an interval of this spacetime,
$$
ds^{2} = c^{2}dt^{2} - c^{2}t^{2}(d \psi^{2} + sh^{2}(\psi )(d \theta^{2} + sin^{2}(\theta )d \varphi^{2})),
$$
scalar curvature is equal to zero. Also, Ricci ...
0
votes
1answer
45 views
Change of variables in an interval expression
This question is a continuation of
How to calculate a scalar curvature fast? .
Let's have Lorentz-Fock spacetime with an interval
$$
d \hat {s}^{2} = \frac{t_{0}^{2}R^{2}}{\hat {t}^{4}}\left( d \hat ...
1
vote
3answers
63 views
Combining metric tensors/curvature tensors
I was thinking about the following scenario:
Consider a particle which causes a metric $g_{\mu\nu}$ on an otherwise Minkowski spacetime (or any manifold). Now, consider another particle, somewhere in ...
-2
votes
0answers
83 views
How to calculate a scalar curvature fast? [closed]
Let's have a metric tensor
$$ g^{\alpha \beta} = \frac{1}{\left( 1 + \frac{ct}{R} \right)^{2}}\begin{bmatrix} \frac{1 - \frac{r^{2}}{R^{2}}}{\left(1 + \frac{ct}{R}\right)^{2}} & ...
0
votes
2answers
122 views
What is metric of spherical coordinates $(t,r,\theta,\phi)$?
In spherical coordinates the flat space-time metric takes:
$$ds^2=-c^2dt^2+dr^2+r^2d\Omega^2$$
where $r^2d\Omega^2$ come from when the signature of metric $g_{\mu\nu}$ is (-,+,+,+)?
what is ...
1
vote
2answers
149 views
Null geodesic given metric
I (desperately) need help with the following:
What is the null geodesic for the space time $$ds^2=-x^2 dt^2 +dx^2?$$
I don't know how to transform a metric into a geodesic...! There is no need to ...
12
votes
3answers
104 views
What is meant when it is said that the universe is homogeneous and isotropic?
It is sometimes said that the universe is homogeneous and isotropic. What is meant by each of these descriptions? Are they mutually exclusive, or does one require the other? And what implications rise ...
1
vote
0answers
46 views
When is spacetime homogenous and isotropic?
When is spacetime homogenous and isotropic?
For example, some metric $g_{\mu \nu}$ is homogeneous and isotropic. We now construct effective metric
$$n_{\mu \nu} ~\rightarrow~ g_{\mu \nu} + ...
0
votes
2answers
56 views
Changing the scalar curvature (k = 0,+1,-1) with coordinate transformations?
I would like to prove that I can (or can't) change curvature of space, k = 0,+1,-1, via general coordinate transformations, which in principle can mix space and time coordinates together.
1
vote
2answers
74 views
Coordinate and conformal transformations of the FRW metric
I'm considering a metric of the following form (signature $(+,-,-,-)$):
$$ds^2 = (F(r,t)-G(r,t))dt^2 - (F(r,t)+G(r,t))dr^2 - r^2(d\Omega)^2$$
where $F(r,t)$ and $G(r,t)$ are arbitrary scalar ...
4
votes
3answers
138 views
How do you tell if a metric is curved?
I was reading up on the Kerr metric (from Sean Carroll's book) and something that he said confused me.
To start with, the Kerr metric is pretty messy, but importantly, it contains two constants - ...
0
votes
0answers
40 views
Switching from an accelerated frame of reference to a locally inertial reference system
Using the equivalence principle, show that the interval for an accelerated observer ($\textbf{g}$ uniform and constant) has the form
$$
ds^2|_{\text{first order in ...
3
votes
2answers
106 views
Difference between slanted indices on a tensor
In my class, there is no distinction made between,
$$
C_{ab}{}^{b}
$$
and
$$
C^{b}{}_{ab}.
$$
All I know, and read about so far, is the distinction of covariant and contravariant, form/vector, etc. ...
1
vote
2answers
136 views
How to find a curvature of the space-time by having $g^{\alpha \beta}$ in the following case without cumbersome calculations?
The metric tensor for Fock-Lorentz space-time,
$$
\mathbf r_{||}{'} = \frac{\gamma (u)(\mathbf r_{||} - \mathbf u t)}{\lambda \gamma (u) (\mathbf u \cdot \mathbf r) + \lambda c^{2} (1 - \gamma (u))t + ...
1
vote
2answers
67 views
metric tensor of expanding universe
Why is the metric tensor of a expanding universe a function of time?
Why is it not a function of distance between the galaxies? I heard this from a lecture.
Can anyone help me understand?
2
votes
1answer
40 views
Non-diagonal elements when switching metric signature?
Considering a metric tensor with the signature $(-,+,+,+)$:
$g_{\mu\nu}=
\begin{pmatrix}
-c^2 & g_{01} & g_{02} & g_{03}\\
g_{10} & a^2 & g_{12} & g_{13}\\
g_{20} & g_{21} ...
0
votes
2answers
87 views
What is the link between the metric signature of spacetime and fundamental field equations?
The signature of Minkowski spacetime is 2, as is explained here: metric signature explanation. The signature is related to the form the fundamental equations take, but I'm not totally clear on the ...
2
votes
2answers
85 views
Sign convention for basic Dirac equation
The dirac equation;$$(i\gamma^\mu\partial_{\mu} - m)\psi=0 $$ is just; $$(i\gamma^{0}\partial_{0} - i\gamma^{i}\partial_{i} - m)\psi=0 $$ in a (+,---) metric right?
1
vote
1answer
77 views
Spacelike slicing of Schwarzschild geometry
I am having trouble understanding how to obtain a spacelike slicing of the Schwarchild black hole. I understand there is not a globally well defined timelike killing vector, so we can define t=cte ...
3
votes
3answers
114 views
Relation between the determinants of metric tensors
Recently I have started to study the classical theory of gravity. In Landau, Classical Theory of Field, paragraph 84 ("Distances and time intervals") , it is written
We also state that the ...
1
vote
2answers
71 views
Why can certain functions be absorbed into the Schwarzschild metric, while others can't?
Another question about the Schwarzschild solution of General Relativity:
In the derivation (shown below) of the Schwarzschild metric from the vacuum Einstein Equation, at the step marked "HERE," we ...
2
votes
1answer
170 views
Polyakov action: difference induced metric and dynamical metric
The Polyakov action is given by:
$$
S_p ~=~ -\frac{T}{2}\int d^2\sigma \sqrt{-g}g^{\alpha\beta}\partial_{\alpha}X^{\mu}\partial_{\beta}X^{\nu}\eta_{\mu\nu} ~=~ -\frac{T}{2}\int d^2\sigma ...
3
votes
1answer
117 views
Material strain from spacetime curvature
Let's say that you moved an object made of rigid materials into a place with extreme tidal forces. Materials have a modulus of elasticity and a yield strength. Does the corresponding 3D geometric ...
0
votes
1answer
51 views
Constraint on a metric
Given a metric of the form $$ds^2=dr^2+a^2\tanh^2(r/b)d\theta^2$$
why does it follow that $a=b$?
I can't quite spot a constraint condition...
2
votes
1answer
187 views
Covariant derivative
I would very much appreciate some help in The following:
What is 2nd order covariant derivative $$\nabla_i\nabla_jf(r)$$ in terms of $r,\theta, g(r)$ and partial derivative, given that the metric ...
8
votes
2answers
245 views
Question about proper time in general relativity
I think I may have some fundamental misunderstanding about what $dt, dx$ are in general relativity.
As I understand it, in special relativity, $ds^2=dt^2-dx^2$, we call this the length because it is ...
4
votes
2answers
171 views
Does Kaluza-Klein Theory Require an Additional Scalar Field?
I've seen the Kaluza-Klein metric presented in two different ways., cf. Refs. 1 and 2.
In one, there is a constant as well as an additional scalar field introduced:
$$\tilde{g}_{AB}=\begin{pmatrix}
...
0
votes
1answer
113 views
Lorentz transformation problem
In the equation (1.18) they omitted the translation vector $a^\mu$, but why?
3
votes
2answers
125 views
Metric coefficients in rotating coordinates
Let $(t,x,y,z)$ be the standard coordinates on $\mathbb{R}^4$ and consider the Minkowski metric
$$ds^2 = -dt^2+dx^2+dy^2+dz^2.$$
I am trying to compute the metric coefficients under the change of ...
2
votes
1answer
87 views
Question from Schutz's
In q. 22 in page 141, I am asked to show that if $U^{\alpha}\nabla_{\alpha} V^{\beta} = W^{\beta}$, then $U^{\alpha}\nabla_{\alpha}V_{\beta}=W_{\beta}$.
Here's what I have done:
$V_{\beta}=g_{\beta ...
1
vote
1answer
104 views
Covariant derivative with upper index
I just need clarification, that is, to see that I'm doing the right thing.
When calculating central charge for certain metric, I need to solve an integral that contains Lie brackets etc. And I have ...
