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What is the Laughlin argument?
The fundamental question is
Why is Hall conductance quantized?
Let's start with the Hall bar, a 2D metal bar subject to a strong perpendicular magnetic field $B_0$. Let current $I$ flow in the ...
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0answers
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linear response for a simple harmonic oscillator
Really sorry for this simple question, but I think it will be useful/interesting in general.
Consider a quantum simple harmonic oscillator.
Add a perturbation $H_I = -\lambda \hat{x}$
Calculate ...
