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How did Shockley, Bardeen, and Brattain get purified germanium and dope it correctly?

They obviously didn't have precision semiconductor fabricating tools themselves running with semiconductor parts inside because there were none. We have so much advanced machinery to weigh out, ...
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History of the use of the concept of phase space in engineering

Engineering textbooks constantly use the concept of 'phase space' (see e.g. http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~baraff/sigcourse/notesc.pdf). That is, they think of the state of a mechanical system as a ...