The application of physical theory to celestial systems such as stars, planets, galaxies, supernovae, and black holes. Astrophysics proper is concerned with explaining phenomena more so than making observations, the latter falling under the purview of astronomy.
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How can a black hole produce sound?
I was reading this article from NASA -- it's NASA -- and literally found myself perplexed. The article describes the discovery that black holes emit a "note" that has physical ramifications on the ...
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5answers
2k views
Is there a small enough planet or asteroid you can orbit by jumping?
I just had this idea of orbiting a planet just by jumping and then flying upon it on its orbit kind of like superman. So,
Would it be theoretically possible or is there a chance of that small body to ...
25
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1answer
457 views
Neutrinos vs. Photons: Who wins the race across the galaxy?
Inspired by the wording of this answer, a thought occurred to me. If a photon and a neutrino were to race along a significant stretch of our actual galaxy, which would win the race?
Now, neutrinos ...
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3answers
845 views
The Pioneer anomaly finally explained?
Pioneer 10 & 11 are robotic space probes launched by the NASA in the early 1970's. After leaving our solar system, an unusual deceleration of both spacecrafts has been measured to be approximately ...
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2answers
747 views
Why does a supernova explode
This is really bugging me. When you look up some educational text about stars life, this is what you find out:
Gravity creates the temperature and pressure to start fusion reactions.
The fusion ...
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6answers
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How fast a (relatively) small black hole will consume the Earth?
This question appeared quite a time ago and was inspired, of course, by all the fuss around "LHC will destroy the Earth".
Consider a small black hole, that is somehow got inside the Earth. Under ...
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1answer
658 views
What nonlinear deformations will a fast rotating planet exhibit?
It is common knowledge among the educated that the Earth is not exactly spherical, and some of this comes from tidal forces and inhomogeneities but some of it comes from the rotation of the planet ...
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2answers
346 views
Experimental observation of matter/antimatter in the universe
Ordinary matter and antimatter have the same physical properties when it comes to, for example, spectroscopy. Hydrogen and antihydrogen atoms produce the same spectroscopy when excited, and adsorb the ...
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8answers
980 views
Why are L4 and L5 lagrangian points stable?
This diagram from wikipedia shows the gravitational potential energy of the sun-earth two body system, and demonstrates clearly the semi-stability of the L1, L2, and L3 lagrangian points. The blue ...
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How does one measure the mass of a galaxy? And other such large quantities
Trained as a pure mathematician, I see claims about the mass of a galaxy and other such huge measurements that are arrived at experimentally, and I just have to scratch my head.
I know this is a bit ...
16
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1answer
277 views
Where do high-energy neutrinos come from?
Last week the IceCube South Pole Neutrino Observatory published a press release reporting the possible discovery of two neutrinos with energies of over 1 PeV.
Would anyone here be willing to help me ...
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2answers
65 views
Recommend good book(s) about the “scientific method” as it relates to astronomy/astrophysics?
I am interested in astronomy/astrophysics, but I am not science major (I am a computer science graduate). Facts and results of the field are presented to the public without showing how these ...
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4answers
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How do you calculate the anomalous precession of Mercury?
One of the three classic tests of general relativity is the calculation of the precession of the perihelion of Mercury's orbit.
This precession rate had been precisely measured using data collected ...
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6answers
834 views
Why isn't dark matter just matter?
There's more gravitational force in our galaxy (and others) than can be explained by counting stars. So why not lots of dark planetery systems (ie without stars) ? Why must we assume some undiscovered ...
13
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1answer
3k views
Is Jupiter a failed star?
In my physics lessons, my teachers have always been keen to tell my class that Jupiter is considered a 'failed star' by scientists. Is this true?
In my own effort I wondered if maybe this could just ...
13
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2answers
114 views
How can a spiral galaxy exist?
A spiral arm orbiting a central mass should be dispersed quite quickly as the outer elements would move more slowly than the inner ones. The Milky Way, is about 59 Galactic Years old, which, one would ...
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9answers
168 views
In astronomy what phenomena have theory predicted before observations?
As far as I know, astronomy is generally an observational science. We see something and then try to explain why it is happening. The one exception that I know of is black holes: first it was thought ...
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7answers
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Is Melancholia's orbit impossible?
In the recent movie "Melancholia", a planet, also called Melancholia, enters the solar system and hits the Earth. I want to leave aside the (also unreasonable) aspect that planet "hides behind the ...
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3answers
420 views
Why are most astronomy things spherical in the shape (like, the Sun, the Moon, the Earth, and other planets)?
What is the reason for all the astronomy things being spherical in the shape (like, the Sun, the Moon, the Earth, and other planets)?
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If neutrinos travel faster than light, how much lead time would we have over detecting supernovas?
In light of the recent story that neutrinos travel faster than photons, I realize the news about this is sensationalistic and many tests still remain, but let's ASSUME neutrinos are eventually proven ...
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1answer
88 views
Why don't stars in globular clusters all orbit in the same plane?
Globular clusters like Omega Centauri certainly don't seem to be very coplanar at all.
In other words, why doesn't the explanation at Why are our planets in the solar system all on the same ...
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6answers
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Why is the mapped universe shaped like an hourglass?
I've watched a video from the American National History Museum entitled The Known Universe.
The video shows a continuous animation zooming out from earth to the entire known universe. It claims to ...
11
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2answers
153 views
Is there evidence of dark matter in our galaxy?
Is there evidence of dark matter in our galaxy?
How can we measure this, say, how many percent of the center of our galaxy is dark matter?
I did not find the answer in the question What's Dark ...
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2answers
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How Earth communicates with Voyager I?
After taking a basic signals & systems class and learning about the frequency domain, I started wondering:
How the heck do scientists still communicate with Voyagers I and II??
Do they ...
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1answer
533 views
When will the Moon reach escape velocity?
From what I know, the Moon is accelerating away from the Earth. Do we know when it will reach escape velocity? How do we calculate this?
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3answers
874 views
Age of the Earth and the star that preceded the Sun
One of the great unheralded advances made in the history of science was the ability to determine the age of Earth based on the decay of isotopic uranium. Based on the apparent abundance of uranium in ...
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1answer
303 views
How many atoms per light year does light encounter when traversing interstellar space?
Interstellar space is pretty empty but there a small number of of atoms (mostly hydrogen?) floating around. How many atoms per light year would a photon encounter while traversing interstellar space?
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2answers
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Can $10^{23}$ stars be treated with methods of statistical mechanics?
Statistical mechanics is used to describe systems with large number of particles ~$10^{23}$.
The observable universe contains between $10^{22}$ to $10^{24}$ stars. Can we treat those many stars as a ...
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1answer
83 views
What proportion of a star's hydrogen is consumed in its life?
I've heard in a lecture that a star like the sun would burn 3% of its Hydrogen before expiring.
I would have thought it would be much more.
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1answer
506 views
What will happen if a gamma-ray burst hits the Earth?
Is there any probability that a gamma-ray burst (GRB) could affect the Earth?
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5answers
676 views
Anti-Matter Black Holes
Assuming for a second that there were a pocket of anti matter somewhere sufficiently large to form all the type of object we can see forming from normal matter - then one of these objects would be a ...
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2answers
281 views
How are the northern lights produced?
Although I've never seen it myself, I hear the northern lights are a sight to be seen! I know they're related to the Earth's magnetic field but I don't know much more about them. What is the physical ...
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2answers
1k views
Are we living in a false vacuum? Is there any way to tell?
I was thinking of the noted 1980 paper by Sidney Coleman and Frank de Luccia--"Gravitational effects of and on vacuum decay"-- about metastable vacuum states that could tunnel to a lower energy "true ...
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0answers
30 views
What allows the modified Urca process to work at lower density than direct Urca in neutron star cooling? [duplicate]
Possible Duplicate:
What allows the modified Urca process to work at lower density than direct Urca in neutron star cooling?
This comes from an unanswered question over at physics.se:
The ...
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4answers
846 views
What is the strongest evidence that anti-matter exists?
Every space show I watch mentions that anti-matter used to exist, or still does and we just can't detect it. I think some shows even say we can create a small amount of anti-matter. It is not ...
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5answers
784 views
Hubble's law and conservation of energy
If all distances are constantly increasing, as Hubble's law say, then lots of potential energies of form ~$\frac{1}{r}$ changes, so how is the total energy of the Universe conserved with Hubble's ...
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2answers
305 views
How can a Population III star be so massive?
How can a Population III star have a mass of several hundred solar masses? Normally the limit is about 100 solar masses.
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1answer
781 views
How dense are nebulae?
How functionaly dense are nebulae? Are they so sparse they are only visible from an interstellar or intergalactic perspective or would you be unable to see your hand in one?
Do they vary widely in ...
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3answers
225 views
Explosion in space
I'm curious about what happens if an explosive substance detonates in space. On Earth, I guess a good chunk of the energy released is carried away by shock waves in the atmosphere. But in space, the ...
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1answer
57 views
Introduction to neutron star physics
I enjoy thinking about theoretical astrophysics because I want to understand black holes. Given that no one understands black holes, I like to ponder the nearest thing to a black hole: a neutron star! ...
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4answers
247 views
Can a moon have another large body as a satellite, and are there any examples of such?
In my mind, I'm comparing it to the Sun-Earth-Moon system. After all, the Earth is primarily a satellite of the Sun, but the Moon is still gravitationally bound to the Earth. Could something like this ...
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6answers
509 views
Why is there an escape velocity?
I've been trying for days, but I just can't understand why escape velocities exist. I've searched the web and even this site, and although I've read many explanations, I haven't been able to truly ...
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2answers
496 views
What is the physical size of a black hole?
Something that's always confused me. How large is a black hole's physical size - not mass?
From descriptions, it would seem that the 'singularity' is a single point, but is it really?
Say for ...
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1answer
75 views
Biggest crater in the Solar System
It seems that the biggest crater in the Solar System is Borealis Basin on Mars. The Wikipedia entry and this piece of news say it has been formed by an impact with a body of around 1600 - ...
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2answers
4k views
What's the difference between gas and plasma?
A friend stated that stars are hot balls of gas, however we know that technically stars are plasma. Is his statement entirely incorrect? Can a plasma be considered a form of gas or should be referred ...
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6answers
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The final death of a black hole
What are the different death scenarios for a black hole? I know they can evaporate through Hawking radiation - but is there any other way? What if you just kept shoveling more and more mass and ...
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5answers
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Stephen Hawking says universe can create itself from nothing, but how exactly?
Stephen Hawking says in his latest book The Grand Design that,
Because there is a law such as gravity, the universe can and will create itself from nothing.
Is it not circular logic? I mean, how ...
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2answers
155 views
Stellar winds from neutron stars
It seems that this question has not really been explored in the literature. Do isolated neutron stars (which do not accrete material) emit stellar wind? If yes, what composition would it have? If yes, ...
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3answers
462 views
Evidence for black hole event horizons
I know that there's a lot of evidence for extremely compact bodies. But is there any observation from which we can infer the existence of an actual horizon?
Even if we are able to someday resolve ...
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2answers
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Why and how will we be able to image extraterrestrial planets in the next two decades?
According to a recently published article, a well-established Cambridge astrophysicist stated that:
the “origin of life, where it exists, and whether aliens exist,
is going to be crucial over ...
